Four Geometry Formulas Essay -- Geometry

As you begin the course of geometry students are generally familiarise with frequently used formulas in mathematics. These formulas include finding the perimeter and state of two-dimensional figures and finding the volume and surface area of three-dimensional figures. For either diverse shape there is a related formula for finding its perimeter, area, volume, or surface area. Therefore, we go away only focus on quatern formulas for quartette singular shapes or figures. We will find the perimeter of a square, the area of a triangle, the volume of a right circular piston chamber and the total surface area of a sphere. The first formula will correspond to finding the perimeter of a square. For the following formula P will stand for the perimeter and s will represent the align length of the square. The perimeter of a square is found by multiplying four by the placement length of the square. Thus, the formula would be P=4s. The motive(prenominal) that the four is in the form ula is because a square has four sides. promptly lets use an example, if a square has a side length of 4 inches on every of its four sides the formul...

Rate of Reaction Coursework :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

An experiment to find the prize of reception between two liquids psychiatric hospitalThis is an experiment to determine the effect of changing theconcentration of sodium thiosluphate (Na S O (aq)) on the rate ofreaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acetous (HCL (aq)).HCl+sodium thiosulphatearrowsodium chloride+sulphurdioxide+sulphur+water.HCl(aq) + Na2S2O3(aq) arrow NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + S(s) + H2O(l)If matchless were to lay hydrochloric superman and sodium thiosulphate into abeaker a white cloudy result is left(a) in the beaker. The rate of thereaction can be controlled by concentrating one of the liquids, or onecould add water to dilute the mixture to backward the reaction.Method ApparatusTwo beakers of 50cm3Sodium ThiosulphateHydrochloric dotConical flaskfulMeasuring tube-10cm3Measuring tube-50cm3The apparatus is set up as shown above. I go out trust 50cm3 of SodiumThiosulphate I bequeath keep Hydrochloric paneling at a perpetual rate of5cm3. Then I l eave behind reduce the sodium thiosulphate and increase thewater, for example50cm3 0cm340cm3 10cm330cm3 20cm320cm3 30cm310cm3 40cm3When the reaction is complete the solution left should be white andcloudy, to test this I will place a magical spell of reputation with a cross onit. If I cannot see the cross on the paper then the reaction hasfinished.Constants* Hydrochloric acid* Temperature* Length of X on paper* Room temperatureVariables Sodium thiosulphate urineHydrochloric acid will be kept at a constant rate because theexperiment is about changing the concentration of sodium thiosulphate.The temperature will be kept constant with a precise thermometer inthe solution. The paper with the X on it will always be the same pieceof paper. The room temperature will be kept constant because I willmake sure the windows argon closed.Sodium thiosulphate will be wide-ranging because that is the point of theexperiment. The water will be varied to dilute the reaction.scientific explanationIn order for the sodium thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid to reacttheir particles moldiness* Collide with each other* The collision must have adequacy zip fastenerThis is shown by the explanation belowThe particles in the liquid If the collision has enough If thecollision move around continually. energy, a reaction takes place doesnot have here an acid particle is enough energy about to collide with a no reaction sodium subatomic particle occurs. The acid particle bounces away again.If on that point are a pass out of collisions then the rate of the reaction isfast. If there are not many, the rate is low.The rate of a reaction depends on how many successful collisions thereare in a given unit of time.There are three main ways of speeding up a reaction* Changing the concentration

Patterns Within Systems of Linear Equations

Jasmine Chai ramble 10 196298501 Patterns within systems of running(a) comparabilitys Systems of linear comparabilitys ar a bothurement of linear comparabilitys that ar related by having one resoluteness, no event or many solutions. A solution is the point of converging mingled with the 2 or more lines that are described by the linear compare. work out the conjoining equations x + 2y = 3 and 2x y = -4. These equations are an case of a 2&2152 system due(p) to the devil stranger proteans (x and y) it has. In one of the patterns, by multiplying the coefficient of the y inconstant by 2 then withhold the coefficient of x from it you depart be given the continual.As a word equation it dis bring be written like so with the coefficient of x as A and coefficient of y as B and the constant as C, 2B Ax = C. This discharge be applied to the head start equation (x + 2y = 3) as 2(2) 1 = 3. To the sulfur equation (2x y = -4), it is -1(2) 2 = -4. By using matri ces or represents, we terminate acquit this system. Regarding new(prenominal)wise systems that also has such(prenominal) as pattern, it should also begin the same solution as the ii illust proportionalityns presentationed. For instance, 3x + 4y = 5 and x -2y = -5, other system, also boasts the same pattern as the offset printing set and has a solution of (-1, 2).Essenti ally, this pattern is indicating an arithmetic promotion installment. Arithmetic progression is described as usual variation in the midst of sequences of numbers. In a special sequence, each number accordingly is denominate as an. the subscript n is referring to the b tell number, for instance the 3rd term is k straightwayn as a3. The formula, an = a1 + (n 1) d, hind end be used to consider an, the extraterrestrial being number in the sequence. The variable d represents the normal going of opinion betwixt the numbers in the sequence. In the first equation (x + 2y = 3) given, the everyday goings amongst the constants c B and B A is 1.Variable A is the coefficient of x and variable b represents the coefficient of y, lastly, c represents the constant. The common difference of the succor equation (2x y = -4) is -3 because each number is decreasing by 3. In show to light up for the value x and y, you could isolate a certain variable in one of the equations and succour it into the other equation. x + 2y = 3 2x y = -4 x + 2y = 3 * x = 3 2y * 2(3 2y) y = -4 * 6 4y y = -4 * 6 5y = -4 * -5y = -10 * y = 2 Now that the value of y is found, you idler substitute 2 in as y in any of the equations to purpose for x. x + 2y = 3 x + 2(2) = 3 * x + 4 = 3 * x = 3 4 * x = -1 Solution (-1, 2) Even though the solution has already been found, on that point are many different shipway to solve it, such as interpretically solving it. By graphing the two linear lines, you can interpolate or extrapolate if necessary to interpret the point where the two lines intersect. interpret 1 Graph 1 effective from the equations given, it is not in a format where it can be intimately graphed. By changing it into y=mx + b form, the first equation bequeathing offspring as y = (1/2) x + 3/2 or y = -0. 5x + 1. 5 and the flash equation willing result as y = 2x + 4. The significance of the solution is that it is equal to the point of hybridisation as shown on Graph 1. This can then allow the shutting that the solution of the two linear equations is also the point of intersection when graphed. fit in to this arithmetic progression sequence, it could be applied to other similar systems.For instance, the examples below demonstrates how alike 2&2152 systems to the earlier one will display a similarity. Example 1 In the first equation the common difference between (3, 4 and 5) is 1. In the second equation, the common differ ence is -3. The common differences in these equations are exact to the previous example. 3x + 4y = 5 x 2y = -5 x 2y = -5 * x = 2y 5 (Substitution) 3x + 4y = 5 * 3(2y 5) + 4y = 5 * 6y 15 + 4y = 5 * 10y 15 = 5 * 10y = 20 * y = 2 (Substituting y) x 2y = -5 * x 2(2) = -5 * x 4 = -5 * x = -5 +4 * x = -1 Solution (-1, 2)Example 2 In the first equation below, it has a common difference of 18 for (2, 20 and 38). For the second equation, in (15, -5 and -25), it has a common difference of -20. In this example, the system is solved graphically. 2x + 20y = 38 15x 5 y = -25 Solution (-1, 2) Graph 2 Graph 2 From the examples given to a higher place that are truly similar to the first system, we can conclude that there is something common between them, that is the point of intersection or the values of x and y. That would imply that th e x and y values and the point of intersection will unendingly be (-1, 2) for all systems that follow arithmetic progression sequences. Due to that similarity, an equation that can be applied to these types of equations can be made. If the first coefficient of the first equation is identified as A and the common difference is c, an equation such as, Ax + (A + c) y = A + 2c, is made.This equation is so, because it is describes an arithmetic sequence, where the coefficients and constant are increasing by one in response to the coefficient before. In the second equation of the system, another(prenominal) equation can be made comparatively the same to the first, with exceptions of different variables used. If B is used to represent the first coefficient of the second equation and d is used as the common difference, the equation, Bx + (B + d) y = B + 2d is created. With 2 equations, we have in a flash created a system to solve the system we can use the elimination method.This method is used to go by means of certain variables in order to find the value of another variable. aft(prenominal) doing so, you could substitute in the value for the found variable and solve for the other(s). Ax + (A + c) y = A + 2c Bx + (B + d) y = B + 2d In order to use the elimination method, you moldiness make the coefficient of x or y the same depending on which one you would like to debar. In this case, we will gelt by eliminating x. To proceed to do so, we must first multiply the first equation by B and the second equation by A ABx + (AB + Bc) y = AB + 2Bc ABx + (AB + Bd) y = AB + 2BdAfter we have made the coefficient of x the same for both equations, we can now subtract the equations from one another ABx + ABy + Bcy = AB + 2Bc ABx + ABy + Bdy = AB + 2Bd * Bcy Bdy = 2Bc 2Bd To find the value of y, we must isolate the variable y. Bcy Bdy = 2Bc 2Bd * y(Bc Bd) = 2(Bc Bd) * y = 2 Now that the value of y is found, to find the value of x is to substitute the value of y, which is 2, into any equation that includes that variable x and y. Bx + (B + d) y = B + 2d * Bx + (B + d) 2 = B + 2d * Bx + 2B + 2d = B + 2d * Bx + 2B B = 2d 2d * Bx + B = 0 * Bx = -B * x = -1To conclude the results of the equations above, it is making thee statement that all 2&2152 systems that display an arithmetic progression sequence, which has a common difference between the coefficients and constant, it will have a result, point of intersection, of (-1, 2). To assure that this is correct, the example systems below will demonstrate this property equivalence 1 (common difference of 8) 2x + 10y = 18 equality 2 (common difference of 3) x + 4y = 7 Substitution Method x + 4y = 7 * x = 7 4y reservation 2x + 10y = 18 * 2 (7 4y) + 10y = 18 * 14 8y +10y = 18 * 14 + 2y = 18 2y = 18 14 * 2y = 4 * y = 2 Substitute x + 4y = 7 * x + 4(2) = 7 * x + 8 = 7 * x = 7 8 * x = -1 Solution (-1, 2) Once again from the example above, it displays that the solution or the point of intersection is iden tified as (-1, 2). From previous examples, all have a common difference that is different from the other equation subscribed in that system. In the following example, it will crusade whether having the same common difference will make a difference in the result. Equation 1 (common difference of 3) 2x + 5y = 8 Equation 2 (common difference of 3) x + 3y = 6 Graph 3 Graph 3As you can see on the graph, it shows that the two lines do not intersect at (-1, 2) even though it is a 2&2152 system that has a common difference in both equations, meaning that the intersection at (-1, 2) can only be applied to systems that has 2 different common differences. To conclude, all 2&2152 systems that follow arithmetic progression sequence with different common difference have a solution of (-1, 2). Furthermore, now that it is known that there is a certain pattern for a specific type of system, if this property is applied to a 3&2153 system, with 3 different variables can it still work?Consider the f ollowing 3&2153 system, (x + 2y + 3z = 4), (5x + 7y + 9z = 11) and (2x + 5y + 8z = 11). In this system, it has similar patterns to the 2&2152 systems above due to its arithmetic progression. In the first equation, it has a common difference of 1 and the second equation has a common difference of 2 and lastly, the 3rd equation has a common difference of 3. To solve this system, we can solve it using the method of elimination or matrices. Equation 1 (common difference 1) x + 2y + 3z = 4 Equation 2 (common difference 2) 5x + 7y + 9z = 11Equation 3 (common difference 3) 2x + 5y + 8z = 11 Elimination Method To eliminate the variable x, we must first start by making the coefficients of x in two equations the same. We can do so by conclusion the lowest common quadruple of the two coefficients and multiplying the whole equation by it. Equation 1 x + 2y + 3z = 4 * 2(x + 2y + 3z = 4) * 2x + 4y + 6z = 8 We can eliminate the variable x now that the coefficients of x in both equations are the same. To eliminate x, we can subtract equation 3 from equation 1. Equation 1 and 3 2x + 4y + 6z = 8 2x + 5y + 8z = 11 -y -2z = -3 After eliminating x from two equations to form another equation that does not include x (-y -2z = -3), another equation that does not involve x must be made to further eliminate another variable such as y or z. Equation 1 x + 2y + 3z = 4 * 5(x + 2y + 3z = 4) * 5x + 10y + 15z = 20 We can eliminate the variable x now that the coefficients of x in both equations are the same. To eliminate x, we can subtract equation 2 from equation 1. Equation 1 and 2 5x + 10y + 15z = 20 5x + 7y + 9z = 11 3y + 6z = 9Now that two different equations that do not involve x ((-y -2z = -3) and (3y + 6z = 9)) are created, we can find the common coefficient of y and eliminate it to find the value of the variable z. Let (-y -2z = -3) to be known as equation A and (3y + 6z = 9) will be known as equation B. Equation A -y -2z = -3 * 3(-y -2z = -3) * -3y -6z = -9 Equation A and B -3y -6z = -9 + 3y + 6z = 9 0 = 0 As you can see from the result, 0 = 0, this is indicating that the system each has many solutions, meaning a collinear line or no solution, where all the lines do not intersect together at a specific point.Even if you attempt to isolate a different variable it will still have the same result. For instance, using the same equations above, you eliminate the variable y first as displayed below. Equation 1 (common difference 1) x + 2y + 3z = 4 Equation 2 (common difference 2) 5x + 7y + 9z = 11 Equation 3 (common difference 3) 2x + 5y + 8z = 11 Elimination Method Equation 1 x + 2y + 3z = 4 * 7(x + 2y + 3z = 4) * 7x +14y + 21z = 28 Equation 2 5x + 7y + 9z = 11 * 2(5x + 7y + 9z = 11) * 10x + 14y + 18z = 22 Equation 1 and 2 7x +14y + 21z = 28 10x + 14y + 18z = 22 3x + 3z = 6 Equation 1 x + 2y + 3z = 4 * 5(x + 2y + 3z = 4) * 5x +10y + 15z = 20 Equation 3 2x + 5y + 8z = 11 * 2(2x + 5y + 8z = 11) * 4x + 10y +16z = 22 Equation 1 and 3 5x +10y + 15z = 20 4x + 10y +16z = 22 x z = -2 Two equations have been made that has already eliminated the variable y. Let (-3x + 3z = 6) be equation A and let (x z = -2) be equation B. Doing this, is in attempt to solve for variable x. Equation A -3x + 3z = 6 Equation B x z = -2 * 3(x z = -2) * 3x 3z = -6 Equation A and B -3x + 3z = 6 + 3x 3z = -6 0 = 0As you can see the result, it is the same even if you try to solve another variable, from that we can assert that this system has either no solution or infinite solutions, meaning that they are collinear lines. Furthermore, because this is a 3&2153 system, meaning that it has three different variables, such as x, y and z, graphing it will also be very different from a graph of a 2&2152 system. In a 3&2153 system, the graph would be a surface chart, where the variable z allows the graph to become 3D. From this, we can conclude 3&2153 systems that follow an arithmetic progression will always have either no solution or infinite solutions.This is saying th at all linear equations do not intersect together in one point or they do not intersect. A way to prove this is finished finding the determinant. The determinant is a single number that describes the solvability of the system. To find the determinant of all 3&2153 systems that possesses arithmetic progression, we can start by creating a formula. Allow the first coefficient of the first equation be A and the second equations first coefficient be B and lastly, the first coefficient of the leash equation be C.The common difference of equation one will be c, the common difference of equation two will be d, and the common difference of equation e will be e. This can be described through the following equations 1. Ax + (A + c) y + (A + 2c) z = (A + 3c) 2. Bx + (B + d) y + (B + 2d) z = (B + 3d) 3. Cx + (C + e) y + (C + 2e) z = (C + 3e) When developing a intercellular substance to find the determinant, you must have a square(a) hyaloplasm. In this case, we do not have a square matrix. A square matrix is where the number of rows and columns are equal, for example, it could be a 2&2152, 3&2153, or 4&2154. Looking at the equations, it is a 3&2154 matrix as a result it must be rearranged.Below is the rearranged matrix of the equations above. x A (A + c) (A + 2c) (A + 3c) y B (B + d) (B + 2d) = (B + 3d) z C (C + e) (C + 2e) (C + 3e) To find the determinant, you must find 4 values from the 3&2153 matrix that helps find the determinant of A, B and C. In this case, if you were to find the values for A, you would meridian the values that are in the same row and column as A, like so, A (A + c) (A + 2c) B (B + d) (B + 2d)C (C + e) (C + 2e) You would be left with four scatter values that can be labelled as A, B, C and D. respectively to the model below a b c d In order to find the determinant you must find the four values for A, (A + c) and (A +2c). To find the determinant the equation ad cb is used. The equation in this authority would be like the one below A(B + d)(C + 2e) (C + e)(B + 2d) (A + c)B(C + 2e) C(B + 2d) + (A +2c)B(C + 2e) C(B + 2d) Expand * = A(BC BC + Cd 2Cd + 2Be Be + 2de 2de) (A + c)(BC BC + 2Be 2Cd) + (A + 2c)(BC BC + 2Be 2Cd) Simplify 2ABe 2ABe + 2ACd 2ACd + 2Ccd 2Ccd + 2Bce 2Bce * = 2ABe 2ABe + 2ACd 2ACd + 2Ccd 2Ccd + 2Bce 2Bce * = 0 As it is visible, above it shows that the determinant found in this type of matrix is zero. If it is zero, it means that there are infinite answers or no answer at all. victimisation technology, a graphing calculator, once entering a 3&2153 matrix that exhibits arithmetic progression, it states that it is an error and states that it is a singular matrix. This may mean that there is no solution. To conclude, there is no solution or infinite solution to 3&2153 systems that exhibit the pattern of arithmetic sequencing.This can be proved when the sample 3&2153 system is graphed and results as a 3D collinear segment. As well as the results from above when a determinant is found to be zero proves that 3&2153 systems that pertains an arithmetic sequence. Arithmetic sequences within systems of linear equations are one pattern of systems. Regarding other patterns, it is questionable if geometric sequences can be applied to systems of linear equations. Consider the following equations, x + 2y = 4 and 5x y = 1/5. It is clear that the coefficients and constants have a certain comparison through multiplication.In the first equation (x + 2y = 4), it has the relation where it has a common ratio of 2 between numbers 1, 2 and 4. For the second equation (5x y = 1/5), it has a common ratio of -1/5 between 5, -1 and 1/5. The common ratio is determined through the multiplicative succession from the previous number in the order of the numbers. When the equations are rearranged into the form y=mx+b, as y = ? x + 2 and y = 5x 1/5, there is a visible pattern. Between the two equations they both possess the pattern of the constant, where constant a is the negative contrary of constant b and vice versa.This would infer that if they are multiplied together, as follows (-1/2 x 2 = -1 and 5 x -1/5 = -1), it will result as -1. With equations that are also similar to these, such as the following, y = 2x 1/2, y = -2x + 1/2, y = 1/5x 5 or y = -1/5x +5. Displayed below, is a linear graph that shows linear equations that are very similar to the ones above. Graph 4 Graph 4 From the graph above, you can see that the equations that are the same with exceptions of negatives and positives, they reflect over the axis vertebra and displays the same slope.For instance, the linear equations y = 2x -1/2 and y=-2x +1/2 are essentially the same but reflected as it shows in the graph below. Also, all equations have geometric sequencing, which means that they are multiplied by a common ratio. Secondly, the points of intersection between similar lines are always on the x-axis. Graph 5 Graph 5 Point of intersection (0. 25, 0) Point of intersection (0. 25, 0) To solve a gene ral 2&2152 system that incorporates this pattern, a formula must be developed. In order to do so, something that should be kept in mind is that it must chase away geometric sequencing in regards to the coefficients and constants.An equation such as, Ax + (Ar) y = Ar2 with A representing the coefficients and r representing the common ratio. The second equation of the system could be as follows, Bx + (Bs) y = Bs2 with B as the coefficient and s as the common ratio. As a general formula of these systems, they can be simplified through the method of elimination to find the values of x and y. Ax + (Ar) y = Ar2 Bx + (Bs) y = Bs2 Elimination Method B (Ax + (Ar) y = Ar2) * BAx + BAry = BAr2 A (Bx + (Bs) y = Bs2) * ABx + ABsy = ABs2 Eliminate BAx + BAry = BAr2 ABx + ABsy = ABs2 BAry ABsy = BAr2 ABs2 ABy (r s) = AB (r2 s2) * y = (r + s) Finding value of x by inputting y into an equation ABx + ABsy = ABs2 * ABx + ABs(r + s) = ABs2 * ABx = ABs2 ABs(r +s) * x = s2 s(r +s) * x = s2 s2 r s * x = rs To confirm that the formula is correct, we can apply the equation into the formula and solve for x and y and compare it to the results of graph 4. The equations that we will be comparing will be y = 5x 1/5 and y = -1/5x + 5. The point of intersection, (1, 4. 8) of these equations is shown graphically on graph 4 and 6. The common ratio (r) of the first equation is -0. and the common ratio, also known as s in the equation of the second equation is 5. X = (-0. 2 x 5) = 1 Y = (-0. 2 + 5) = 4. 8 As you can see, above, the equations are correctly matching the point of intersection as shown on the graphs. Due to such as result, it is known that it can now be applied to any equations that display geometric sequencing. Graph 6 Graph 6 Resources 1. Wolfram MathWorld. laughable Matrix. Retrieved N/A, from http//mathworld. wolfram. com/SingularMatrix. html 2. Math Words. Noninvertible Matrix. Retrieved March 24, 2011 from, http//www. mathwords. com/s/singular_matrix. htm

Business Finance

transnational Business Finance, 12e (Eiteman, et al) Chapter 1 globalization and the multinational Enterprise 1. 1 globalization and Creating take to be in the transnational Enterprise Multiple Choice 1) Which of the followers be critical to a strong trying to reach the spinning top of the soaked value profit? A) An open grocery place. B) broad(prenominal) quality strategic management. C) Access to capital. D) whole of the in a higher place serve well A Diff 2 division 1. 1 globalisation and Creating Value in the transnational Enterprise learning conceptual 2) A well-established, large U.S. -based MNE leave belike non be able to thrash which of the following obstacles to maximizing firm value? A) An open market place. B) High quality strategic management. C) Access to capital. D) none of the to a higher place function D Diff 2 return 1. 1 globalisation and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise dexterity credit rating 3) A well-established, large Ch ina-based MNE will probably be most adversely affected by which of the following elements of firm value? A) An open marketplace. B) High-quality strategic management. C) Access to capital.D) Access to subject press pool. effect A Diff 2 thing 1. 1 globalisation and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise attainment conceptual 4) A well-established, large, Brazil-based MNE will probably be most adversely affected by which of the following elements of firm value? A) An open marketplace. B) High-quality strategic management. C) Access to capital. D) Access to qualified labor pool. fare C Diff 2 event 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise attainment Conceptual avowedly/False ) Three necessary conditions for a firm to reach the top of the firm value pyramid argon an open market place, blue quality strategic management, and access to capital. Answer unbent Diff 1 Topic 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise acquisition Conceptual 2) comparative advantage is one of the underlying principles driving the ripening of global business. Answer TRUE Diff 1 Topic 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise learning experience show 1) List and explain three strategic motives why firms compose multinationals and clear an example of each.Answer The authors provide 5 strategic motives for firms to become multinationals market seekers, stark materials seekers, output efficiency seekers, knowledge seekers, and political safety seekers. securities industry seekers argon looking for more consumers for their products such as automobiles or steel. Knowledge seekers whitethorn be looking for an educated work force similar to the behavior firms seeking R and D set up shop in university towns. Raw materials seekers may be after commodities such as embrocate or copper. Production efficiencies may occur in countries like Mexico that stimulate capable workers and lower wages.Political safety seekers atomic number 18 looking for countries that will non expropriate their assets, so they may stay away from countries that in the target have engaged in such activities. Diff 3 Topic 1. 1 Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise science Conceptual 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative wages Multiple Choice 1) The system that suggests specialization by country can increase worldwide production is ________. A) the theory of comparative degree degree advantage B) the theory of unusual direct enthronization C) the planetaryistic Fisher effect D) the theory of working capital managementAnswer A Diff 2 Topic 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill perception 2) Which of the following is NOT a reason governments interfere with comparative advantage? A) Governments attempt to achieve full employment. B) Governments promote economic development. C) matter self-sufficiency in defense-related industries. D) every last(predicate) atomic number 18 reasons governments interfere with comparative advantage. Answer D Diff 2 Topic 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill course credit 3) Which of the following factors of production DO NOT advert freely between countries? A) Raw materialsB) Financial capital C) (Non-military) Technology D) All of the above factors of production flow freely among countries. Answer A Diff 1 Topic 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill credit entry 4) Which of the following would NOT be a way to implement comparative advantage? A) IBM exports computers to Egypt. B) Computer hardw be is designed in the United States provided manufactured and assembled in Korea. C) Water of the greatest purity is obtained from wells in Oregon, bottled, and exported worldwide. D) All of the above are examples of ways to implement comparative advantage.Answer D Diff 2 Topic 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill Conceptual 5) Of the following, which would NOT be considered a wa y that government interferes with comparative advantage? A) Tariffs. B) Managerial skills. C) Quotas. D) Other non-tariff restrictions. Answer B Diff 2 Topic 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill science confessedly/False 1) The theory of comparative advantage owes it origins to Ben Bernanke as described in his book The Wealth of Bankers. Answer stupid Diff 1 Topic 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill acquaintance ) International foxiness might have approached the comparative advantage model in the nineteenth century, and it does so even more today. Answer paradoxical Diff 2 Topic 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill Conceptual 3) Comparative advantage shifts over time as less developed countries become more developed and realize their latent opportunities. Answer TRUE Diff 2 Topic 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill science 4) Comparative advantage in the 21st century is based more on services and their cross border facilitation by tel ecommunications and the Internet.Answer TRUE Diff 1 Topic 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill Recognition 5) Comparative advantage was once the cornerstone of international trade theory, only when today it is archaic, simplistic, and irrelevant for explaining investing choices made by MNEs. Answer FALSE Diff 2 Topic 1. 2 The Theory of Comparative Advantage Skill Recognition 1. 3 What Is Different about Global Financial heed? Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following domesticated fiscal instruments have NOT been modified for use in international financial management? A) coin options and futures.B) Interest rate and currency swaps. C) Letters of credit. D) All of the above are domestic financial instruments that have also been modified for use in international financial markets. Answer D Diff 2 Topic 1. 3 What Is Different about Global Financial Management? Skill Recognition True/False 1) MNEs must modify finance theories like represent of capital and capital budgetin g because of opposed complexities. Answer TRUE Diff 2 Topic 1. 3 What Is Different about Global Financial Management? Skill Recognition 1. 4 Market Imperfections A rationale for the population of the Multinational FirmMultiple Choice 1) In determining why a firm becomes multinational there are many reasons. One reason is that the firm is a market seeker. Which of the following is NOT a reason why market seeking firms produce in foreign countries? A) Satisfaction of local bespeak in the foreign country. B) Satisfaction of local demand in the domestic markets. C) Political safely and sm wholly likelihood of government expropriation of assets. D) All of the above are market-seeking activities. Answer C Diff 2 Topic 1. 4 Market Imperfections A Rationale for the Existence of the Multinational Firm Skill Recognition ) ________ investments are designed to promote and enhance the growth and profitability of the firm. ________ investments are designed to deny those same opportunities to t he firms competitors. A) Conservative Aggressive B) Defensive proactive C) Proactive Defensive D) Aggressive Proactive Answer C Diff 2 Topic 1. 4 Market Imperfections A Rationale for the Existence of the Multinational Firm Skill Recognition True/False 1) For firms competing in a world characterized by oligopolistic competition, strategic motives can be subdivided into proactive and justificative investments. Answer TRUEDiff 1 Topic 1. 4 Market Imperfections A Rationale for the Existence of the Multinational Firm Skill Recognition 2) Defensive measures are designed to enhance growth and profitability of the firm itself. Answer FALSE Diff 1 Topic 1. 4 Market Imperfections A Rationale for the Existence of the Multinational Firm Skill Recognition 1. 5 The Globalization work out Multiple Choice 1) The phase of the globalization process characterized by imports from foreign suppliers and exports to foreign buyers is called the A) domestic phase. B) multinational phase. C) international trade phase.D) import-export banking phase. Answer C Diff 2 Topic 1. 5 The Globalization bear on Skill Recognition 2) The authors describe the multinational phase of globalization for a firm as one characterized by the A) ownership of assets and enterprises in foreign countries. B) potential for international competitors or suppliers even though all accounts are with domestic firms and are denominated in dollars. C) imports from foreign suppliers and exports to foreign buyers. D) requirement that all employees be multilingual. Answer A Diff 2 Topic 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill Recognition ) A firm in the International Trade arrange of Globalization A) makes all foreign fees in foreign currency units and all foreign receipts in domestic currency units. B) receives all foreign receipts in foreign currency units and makes all foreign payments in domestic currency units. C) bears direct foreign exchange risk. D) none of the above Answer C Diff 2 Topic 1. 5 The Globalization P rocess Skill Conceptual 4) Of the following, which was NOT mentioned by the authors as an increase in the demands of financial management services due to increased globalization by the firm?A) Evaluation of the credit quality of foreign buyers and sellers. B) Foreign consumer rule of payment preferences. C) Credit risk management. D) Evaluation of foreign exchange risk. Answer B Diff 2 Topic 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill Recognition 5) Of the following, which was NOT mentioned by the authors as an increase in the demands of financial management services due to increased globalization by the firm? A) Evaluation of the credit quality of foreign buyers and sellers. B) Foreign consumer method of payment preferences. C) Credit risk management.D) Evaluation of foreign exchange risk. Answer B Diff 2 Topic 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill Recognition 6) The authors describe the multinational phase of globalization for a firm as one characterized by the A) ownership of assets and enterprises in foreign countries. B) potential for international competitors or suppliers even though all accounts are with domestic firms and are denominated in dollars. C) imports from foreign suppliers and exports to foreign buyers. D) requirement that all employees be multilingual. Answer A Diff 2 Topic 1. 5 The Globalization ProcessSkill Recognition 7) The vis-a-vis agency problems limiting financial globalization are caused by these ii groups acting in their own self-interests rather than the interests of the firm. A) Rulers of sovereign states and unsavory impost officials. B) Corporate insiders and attorneys. C) Corporate insiders and rulers of sovereign states. D) Attorneys and unsavory customs officials. Answer C Diff 2 Topic 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill Recognition True/False 1) Typically, a firm in its domestic introduce of globalization has all financial transactions in its domestic currency.Answer TRUE Diff 1 Topic 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill Conc eptual 2) Typically, a greenfield investment abroad is considered a greater foreign investment having a greater foreign presence than a joint gage with a foreign firm. Answer TRUE Diff 1 Topic 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill Recognition 3) The authors argue that financial inefficiency caused by influential insiders may prove to be an increasingly troublesome bar to international finance. Answer TRUE Diff 2 Topic 1. 5 The Globalization Process Skill Conceptual

Comparison between Salazar and other Authoritarian Regime in the era

Estado Novo or simply the New put up was established after the overthrowing of the first republic in 1933. The second nation was established by Antonio de Oliveira. This haughty government adopted an integral predilection totally different from what characterized most of the fascist states in Europe. The basis of his authoritarian rule was on the premises of economic and policy-making stability he instituted major reforms which with child(p)ly privileged the people in the upper classes to the injury of the poor section of the society.The regimen that Salazar established was more inclined towards the perform and there was much influence from it, perhaps this emanates from the fact that he was a strong catholic himself. It has been described as a nationalist governmental regime which was almost similar to the one established hy his italian love seat , Benito Mussolini. The regime was nevertheless different from the Mussolini Fascism because of its different and less totalitar ian leanings. His accede was basically founded on the Catholicism and the Anti-socialism ideologies.Salazar did non claim in develop power for his regime with the same degree as fascist did (Cook, B 2001) One of the outstanding difference between Salazar and other dictators is that he did not intiate the cult of personality instead he is more recognized for his spotless simple and ascetic manners. his one party system was based on a different premise to those of Ger many an(prenominal) and Italy,the ruling party Unicao Nacional was not intend as a radical means of reshaping political view and mobilizing political opinion rather it was a device to create consensus or to demobilise politics altogether. (Lee,Stephen 2000) The origin of Salazar and Hitlers regimes is coincidental, Hitler and Salazar arose to power on the same stratum and precisely the same month, the both dictators ascension to power was seen by many as the hope of their nations. The two leaders had the same agen das but no(prenominal) seemed to be fascinated by the other. During the Second World War Portugal chose to extend neutral and safeguard her interest both locally and internationally.Her support for both of the sides would have threatened it own existence and the colonies it owned overseas. (Stanely, G 2008) possibly the common factor that the two dictators shared during this war period was the shame towards soviet communism, they felt that rise of communism would be a ample threat to the capitalist attitudes adopted by their regimes. (Lieitz, C 2000) notes that the two leaders worked very hard towards frustrating Soviet attempt to spread their communism ideologies to the different parts of Europe.Salazar and Franco of Portugal had a common fear of the Anglo-Russian agreement and the affinity that Russia was having with the United Nation. As time went on the two dictators greatly depended on Germany for trade as this was a very important element for their memory board of thei r power, they felt that the rise of communist power would have a great influence and this would ultimately jeopardize their regimes. (Cull, N Holbrook, D, Welch, D 2003)Stanely, G (1987) dimension Salazar regime survival in power to his manipulative ability where he gave some fictitious power to some of the institutions, elections continued to be held where chairman was elected but he continued to control the most sizeable office on the land, Stanely, G notes that Salazar allowed kept some kind of theme dispensation something which was totally different with Francos regime. According to Stanely and Paney this enabled Salazar to the degree of opprobrium suffered by the Franco regime in 1945(p631). scorn being a dictator he was able to penetrate the walls made by the international community disallow dictators the limelight enjoyed by the democracies especially in the western world. (Christian, L 2001) Despite the fact that Salazar wanted Portugal to thrive economically he has be en described as having established a traditional and conservative regime. Compared to what Mussolini and his Germany counterpart achieved he savage short of industrializing his country. He had no ambitions of expansion Portugal has no need for wars, usurpations or conquests (Lee, Stephen 2000).Portugal seemed more satisfied with what they had explaining the reason why Salazar felt they should first withhold what they had acquired in the past, this contradicted with Hitler and Mussolini who felt that expansion was the only way to consolidate power. Salazar regime has been described as one of the milder dictatorships in the period after the two great wars. The carefully adopted policy initiated and approached by Salazar explains why his regime outlived the other right wing authorities but this longevity has been greatly attributed to the countrys delay in democratization.

Mountain Man Brewing Company

bus earth create from raw stuff companionship To Chris Prangel From 001706975 CC David Nasser Date 3/4/2013 Re Bringing the Brand to aerial Comments For the first epoch in the comp anys history, muddle Man Brewing Company is experiencing declining exchanges in result to changes in beer drinkers preferences. Mr. Prangels response to this trouble is introducing a groundless beer form of the popular Lager. In the past hexad historic period, the light beer application as increased at an yearbook come in of 4% while sales of traditional beer has been declining annually by 4%. Although this seems like a probable solution, there are two major(ip) problems Mr.Prangel is facing 1. ) push-down store Mans current rear trade will not approve of this wise beer, and 2. ) bringing in a light version of the bay window Man Lager could ruin the spot construe and ultimately destroy the eminent society. ken Mans biggest marking market currently, and pretty much since it star ted in 1925, is males ages 45-54. Most of these males are blue-collar, unwearying males. It has been cognize as West Virginias Beer known for its authenticity, quality and its toughness. To the junior beer drinkers, the market the light beer appeals to, view Mountain Man beer as besides strong and a working mans beer.Not only do the young beer drinkers drop their negative thoughts ab out(p) Mountain Man developed, only if the blue-collar customers account for a huge percentage of sales. The brand subjection rate for Mountain Man Lager is 53% which is higher than any of its competitors. The light beer appeals to the younger generation, especially the females, and Mountain Man Lager has unendingly appealed to the older, rugged, blue-collar male. The appearance of Mr. Prangels dilemma is very evident. Based on the evidence, Mountain Man should not introduce the light beer.The light beer industry is growing, that screwingt be denied, however for Mountain Man, it is not in the ir best following yet. Although the quantitative reasoning is included below, it would be in Mountain Man Brewing Companys best interest to wreak the $750,000 and knock off it elsewhere create a new beer (non-light) that can appeal to more than the current target market without losing its brand image, spend more money for advertising to the younger beer- inebriety market. Mountain Man Brewing Company motivations to have a wider target market in the lead introducing a completely new product that could potentially destroy the caller if it were unsuccessful.THE PROS AND CONS OF INTRODUCING A LIGHT BEERThe most beneficial pro of introducing Mountain Man Light will be reaching the younger beer drinkers. It is shown that the younger beer drinkers transport the light beer better, and also in their twenties, usually havent attached to a brand yet. Mountain Man is very well-known by the younger beer drinkers, however, they tend to buy and consume in quantity the Mountain Man Lager is not on their top preference, along with other lagers and full-flavor beers. Introducing this light beer could reach the younger beer drinkers and potentially lead to brand dedication amongst them. A few cons could be losing brand loyalty amongst the older generation, losing sales of the Mountain Man Lager due to cannibalization, and a lower division margin.THE BRAND NAME OF A LIGHT BEERIf the light beer were introduced, the name Mountain Man Light is not the best option for the market Mountain Man is already in. A 53% loyalty rate is heavy(p) for a guild that produces one flavor of a brew. If the company that they have seen as for years as a rugged, authentic, West Virginias Beer, puts out a light version, its image could be lost immediately. In response to the introduction of a light beer by Mountain Man, it was the man in his fifties and early thirties that found it to be absurd. fragment EVEN AND BREAK EVEN IN MARKET SHARE IN 2 YEARSBy tutelage the same price for light as t he lager, breakeven in dollar pith is almost $10,000,000 which then translates into 100,473 barrels. Within two years, Mountain Man Light will have to produce almost $10,000,000 in sales and sale 20% of what Mountain Man Lager has worked almost a snow to sale. As for the market share, Mountain Man Light will need to gain a 26% of the market share in 2 years to break even.This seems very unrealistic since the pencil lead brand light beer now consumers 32. 9% and the second leading brand holds 17. 8% of the market. Mountain Man Light will have to become the second leading brand in the market within only 2 years (assuming that the sales of light beer save to grow annually by 4%).CANNIBALIZATION RATEBecause Mountain Man Lager produces so many units and produces such high sales already, the difference in cannibalization of 5% to 20% is pretty solid (almost 1,000,000). Two year contribution with a 5% cannibalization rate is $32,895,226. 2 compared to $31,988,859. 59 with a 20% canniba lization rate. This is a major loss in sales of the Mountain Man Lager. If cannibalization is inevitable, the lower percentage of cannibalization is the best option, it yields a higher contribution. Anything above 20% is unnecessary and definitely not worthy introducing the Mountain Man Light.BUDGET FOR THE LAUNCHThe budget of $750,000 added onto the $900,000 already annual cost of SG& ampA costs is not appropriate. Not only is it adding that money onto the annual SG&A costs, it adds $4. 9 more per barrel in covariant costs. Yet, the price of the light will still be the same as the lager. It will produce a 60% awareness level for Mountain Man Light, however, reduces the contribution margin by 16% the price the Great Compromiser the same and cost of goods sold increases. Adding an expense like $750,000, a company should expect it to be better for the company. A 16% decrease in the contribution margin is not good for a company like Mountain Man that has its one specialty product in which it is known for.THE LAUNCHAlthough it is not recommended to introduce this Mountain Man Light because of the previous state concerns, Mountain Man should not stop there and let the company fail. Mountain Man can take their $750,000 and introduce another beer only if not a light beer. Keep the authentic, rugged brand image by introducing a different type of brew that will continue to appeal to the target market. Mountain Man should try to increase its target market with its original idea before it tries to introduce a new brand.If this is not ideal, the $750,000 can be spent on gaining, and retaining, a younger, beer drinking crowd. There is always a way to appeal to a younger crowd, Mountain Man needs to find the window of opportunity and take those consumers. With the high awareness of Mountain Man Lager by the younger beer drinker, however, Mountain Man could change their marketing strategy and discover a way to appeal to the younger market. Contribution of Lager and Light Breakeven in Dollars and Units (Barrels) Market Share Cannibalization of 5% Cannibalization of 20%

70-640 Lesson 11

Lesson 11 dynamic Directory Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Disaster Recovery Knowledge Assessment coordinated a. determinate restoref. LDP b. checkpoint fileg. system mass c. Directory Services rejuvenate Modeh. tombstone d. fragmentationi. effect buffer e. slobber collectionj. Windows PowerShell __h__ 1. This object is created when an object is deleted at bottom dynamical Directory. __i__ 2. ready Directory changes are written here before they are committed to disk. __j__ 3. This is a new advanced command- task and scripting interface included in Windows Server 2008. __g__ 4.This flock houses the boot files for a Windows Server 2008 computer. __e__ 5. This describes the process of removing tombstoned objects from the NTDS. DIT file. __a__ 6. You will select to perform this operation if you have inadvertently deleted one or to a greater extent progressive Directory objects. __f__ 7. This is a graphical user interface that will allow in you to query Active Directory as part of the troubleshooting process. __b__ 8. This is apply as a reference file in case the Active Directory database affects to be recovered from a system failure to ensure that no proceedings are lost. _c__ 9. To perform many Active Directory maintenance operations, you will need to restart your reality controller in this startup mode. __d__ 10. This ass reduction database achievement because updates are made to the Active Directory over time. Multiple excerption 1. Which of the adjacent assuagement types sess be initiated by a fellow member of the local Administrators group or a member of the local accompaniment Operators group on a Windows Server 2008 computer? a. Manual reenforcement b. Scheduled support c. Full co-occurrence d. Differential backupA manual backup can be re plan by a local administrator or member of the local Backup Operators group. Scheduled backups can only be created by members of the local Administrators group. 2. The NTDS. DIT file is bas ed on which database engineering? a. Structured Query Language (SQL) b. Oracle c. Extensible Storage railway locomotive (ESE) d. My*SQL The NTDS. DIT file is based on the Extensible Storage engine (ESE) data storage format, not Microsoft SQL as some people believe. 3. Which of the following commands can be use to configure Active Directory permissions from the command line? . LDP b. Dsacls c. Dcdiag d. ADSI Edit The dsacls. exe command-line utility can be used to list and restrict Active Directory permissions for a particular object or container. 4. What runs automatically on a domain controller every 12 hours by indifference during the garbage collection process? a. Offline defragmentation b. Authoritative restore c. Nonauthoritative restore d. Online defragmentation Online defragmentation on an Active Directory domain controller is also known as the garbage collection process. 5.Which tool can you use to force a domain controller to start in Directory Services Restore Mode on i ts next reboot? a. cmd. exe b. bootmgr. exe c. bcdedit. exe d. dcpromo. exe Apart from pressing F8 during the system boot, you can configure a Windows Server 2008 computer to automatically boot into Directory Services Restore Mode by using the bcdedit. exe command-line utility before rebooting the server. 6. Which operation requires the Active Directory Domain Service to be taken offline? a. Offline defragmentation b. Online defragmentation c. Garbage Collection d. execution BufferingOf the operations listed, only an offline defragmentation requires you to take the Active Directory database offline, whether through rebooting into DSRM or by using the new restartable Active Directory feature. 7. Which of the following backup types can be initiated only by a member of the local Administrators group on a Windows Server 2008 computer? a. Manual backup b. Scheduled backup c. Full backup d. Differential backup Unlike manual backups, scheduled backups can only be created by members of the local Administrators group on a Windows Server 2008 computer. 8.Which backup type will empty the operation log on the server that is being backed up? a. imitate backup b. Differential backup c. Normal backup d. VSS full backup VSS full backup will update each files backup history and clear the Application Log files. 9. Which of the following volumes hosts the Windows operating(a) system? a. Boot volume b. Shared volume c. System volume d. Host volume The boot volume holds the Windows operating system and the Registry. 10. When acting an authoritative restore of a user object that belongs to multiple Active Directory groups, what is restored by the LDF file that is generated by Ntdsutil? . Optional attributes b. Mandatory attributes c. Back-links d. Security Identifier (SID) In a multi-domain environment, back-links need to be manually re-created after an authoritative restore by using the LDIF files generated automatically by ntdsutil. CASE SCENARIOS Scenario 11-1 Consulting for Margies Travel You are a computer consultant for Margie Shoop, the owner of Margies Travel. Margie has a single Active Directory domain structure with the domain margies give way. com. Margie has travel agencies worldwide, at 50 locations in 7 countries. All locations are connected to a transmit array.Margie has signed a 10-year contract to provide satellite access to her 50 locations. Connectivity to the satellite array varies from 57 Kbps to 128 Kbps. Although her locations vary greatly in the number of computer and user accounts, each location with to a greater extent than 15 users has its own domain controller, global catalog server, and DNS server, all typically configured on the same computer. The margiestravel. com Active Directory infrastructure has nine sites. given(p) this information about Margies Travel, answer the following questions 1. You discuss performance monitoring with Margie.During your conversation, you learn no one has ever used comeback and Performance Mo nitor to check the performance of her domain controllers. Margie wants to know why anyone would even bother. What do you say to her? Replication and Performance Monitor is used to provide one-time and ongoing reports of Active Directory performance counters, which can be used to proactively monitor Active Directory for potential hardware and software issues that might conflict client authentication. 2. Margie tells you that some of her domain controllers have multiple hard disks. She tells you that the supernumerary physical hard disks are not being used.She wants to know if they can be used to improve the performance of Active Directory. What would you tell her? The Active Directory database and log files can be moved to different hard disks within a server to improve performance. 3. Margie sends you to Cairo, Egypt, to troubleshoot a few domain controllers in her Egypt location. You find some event messages concerning replication events, but you would like to foregather more de tailed information than the data in the log now. What can you do? Modify the debugging levels in the Registry to increase the number of events that are logged to the Event Viewer.

Applying Theory Essay

Healthy aging is positively correlate with outrided psychological and social participation of aged citizens with activities that may non be very similar to those that they affirm been used to, but substitutes them to harmonize their age and limited capabilities. twist a ripened citizens pore would all(prenominal)ow them to participate in modified activities that they affirm pursued in middle age. The corporation would be creating a venue by which the of age(p) could get educational training, forcible and leisure activities suited to their age to snub boredom.The focalize would encourage them to stay active, less depressed about aging. In the long-term, the contract would promote a positive well-being among the hoary. Exchange conjecture Building a senior citizens center would returns the senior citizens in many courses but on the part of the company, the drop would have benefits as well as incur costs. A center would provide senior citizens a productive style by which to cut down their solitude years. It would suffer them more active and social than they would if they only if exceed most of their time at home or a retirement home.On the part of the residential argona, the monetary cost of the project might attain it impractical if the amount could be better spent in a much more needed confederacy project. Then again, the elderly is as much a part of the community as much as the younger members and constructing a center would provide a psychological benefit for both age groups. To the elderly, a center is a reassurance that the community value them in spite their old age. To the younger generation, the center equally reassures them that they argon doing something right for the elderly.Functionalism Every age group need to belong to an basis which would foster a sensation of their membership in the larger community. Furthermore, to move as a whole, all members should work together and slip into roles aimed towards fulfilling the needs of society. A senior citizens center would make the retirees a finger of belonging in the community as it would serve as their existence now that they have lost membership in their hiter work perspectives. They would form into a social group which could organize activities to benefit the entire community.It would make the cohesion of the community stronger as an organized group of senior citizens means that even the elderly are contributing towards the stability and constant employment of the community, factors which characterize a healthy, working community. Continuity Theory Senior citizens would continue to seek for the same activities, relationships and lifestyles they had in younger years. A senior citizens center would be a good way by which the elderly members of society can organize, assemble and socializejust like when they were younger.Since they all belong to the same age group, members would develop a distinct gloss and this would give everyone a sense of stability and withstand system. A center with activities and programs geared for the elderly would help ease the difficulties of adjusting to old age. The community, in turn, would have less of the stereotyped bitter and bad-tempered elderly members because it has a place which helps the elderly experience aging as a positive, supportive and gently-sloping experience.Theories that would argue against the senior citizens center. Conflict Theory Building a senior citizens center would benefit the elderly, however it would acknowledge their continued deserving in society and their influence in terms of policy-making. The senior citizens have passed their prime, and the younger generation controls public administration including the budget and planning. The latter would refuse the spending of $3M for a center that would not be utile to the community.The community could maximize its spending by allocating the budget for other projects and simply cast off the care of the elderly un der their respective families or elderly homes. This way the family or home would be spending only for the necessary expenses to support the survival needs of the elderly without funneling the communitys financial resources. political economy of aging The corporate interest precedes personal interest of the market. A senior citizens center would surely not justify the $3M that the community would be spending towards constructing and running it.A center for the elderly would simply be a place for them to engage in pursuits like physical activities, entertainment, seminars conducted by volunteers and other non-profitable, self-serving endeavors. If the aim is to spend the money in a project that would benefit the aging population, a wiser idea would be to revert the funds towards the construction of a managed care institution. To be profitable in the long run, this institution could give the elderly the same function and activities as the proposed center, but at certain prices.Recrea tion for the elderly should be a privilege instead of a charitable act. Disengagement scheme The elderly and society engage in mutual separation. A senior citizens center is impractical because it would mean integrating the elderly into the community when they should realize that they have to withdraw from social activities they have been used to former to retirement. A center would give the elderly a false sense of importance regarding their role in the community.It would pose a burden to the community which has to constantly bear with the expenses incurred by the center and its useless programs. The elderly cannot anymore contribute to society and compete with its standards of excellence therefore, for the benefit of society, they should interact with the community and with each other less. Social Competence/Breakdown Theory Building a senior citizens center would create greater habituation on the part of the already vulnerable senior citizens.If the center is recognise the e lderly would feel self-important, ask for extra services and special privileges. If the demands are refused, it would cause emotional distress. To show sensitivity to the elderly, they should be allowed to face the challenges in life, without spending $3M to build a center especially for them. They should not be doled out with charity. They should be left to find the means to be blissful and productive in their late years. The community would be doing them well if they are made to feel like they have worked hard to accomplish something.

Why Do People Talk About Others?

I have written my first es recount. It took me hours and hours, and I righteous gave up. Please provide almost constructive feedback. I know zipper beats practise, practise, practise, hardly some guide in the right precaution would be more thanly appreciated. Thanking in fire. Here goes We dejection non control the perversive tongues of another(prenominal)s but a good life enables us to disregard them. Cato the Elder (234 BC 149 BC) at that place is so much good in the worst of us, And so much bad in the best of us, That it scarce behooves any of us To converse astir(predicate) the rest of us.Edward W bothis Hoch (1849 1925), Marion (Kansas) Record Never utter evil of a man, if you do not know it for certainty, and if you know it for a certainty, then bespeak yourself, Why should I tell it? Johann K. Lavater A rumor without a ramification to stand on will get around some other way. John Tudor Scandal is lambast made deadening by morality. Oscar Wilde (1854 190 0), Lady Windermeres Fan, 1892, Act III Why do we talk nigh other people? Oscar Wildes statement Scandal is gossip made tedious by morality shows something of the reason we talk about other people.Gossip relieves boredom. gossipmongering carries such a negative connotation that few will proudly own to have d matchless so, but few can say that they have not. Even John Tudor suggests that gossiping is a tolerant spread method of relieving boredom, when he said A rumour without a leg to stand on will get around some other way. For this reason, I somewhat agree with Cato the Elders quote We cannot control the evil tongues of others, but a good life enables us to disregard them. For gossip is so common as to be navoidable. If gossip causes one dis cling to, one will be living with discomfort all their life. Is it not a good lifes phillosphy to accept this occurrence and not let others evil tongue pain you? While accepting gossiping is a part of life, others attempt to advise us ag ainst gossiping. Edward Willis Hochs quote There is so much good in the worst of us, and so much bad in the best of us, that it hardly behooves any of us to talk about the rest of us. suggests that there is not much point in gossiping.Also against gossiping is the the think before you speak phillosophy because as Tudor implies, rumour will spread and Lavaters Why should I tell it? . These advice stem from the morality of giving respect for others privacy, but they do not consider that the reason people gossip the innate craving for learning, the comfort of having company and connection with other people. While some may say, there must be better things to learn about. Having company doesnt require talking about other people, there are other ways to connect. Yes, but why must we NOT talk about others?When talking about other people, we can State facts He has gone to London for a holiday. Give Opinion They are married. What a bad match duplicity She didnt do anything today When we s ay facts, we are passing information. However, the same fact said can mean different things depending on the intent of the speaker. A child saying a by-passer is fat is simply stating an observation. Another psyche my say the same thing it to demean others. When we lie, it can be do with good intent. Thus it is the intent of the speaker that people are have-to doe with about, not the gossip itself.It is through knowing ones action that one can learn from their mistakes, but one can further do so much To learn from others mistake is to not step in it yourself. If we do not talk about others, then one can only learn by doing things themshelves. Would this perhaps defeat the purpose of the education trunk? Does the benefit of learning not outweigh the intrusion into others privacy? Not all gossip invades privacy. Gossip is a way people communicate, and learn. Gossip itself is not the immoral act, it is the intent of the gossiper that makes the act immoral or otherwise.

Noise – Music to our ears or pollution?

Noise is entirely around us. E very(prenominal)where we go we female genitalia hear some large-minded of hurly burly. Sound is measured in decibels. A decibel is a unit of measurement of relative loudness for grueling, the decibel scale runs from zero for the least glaring sound to 130 for sound that causes pain. The symbol for decibels is dB. there argon a lot of pleasures in sound. Especially the practice of medicine we hear. This means that the music in 10tness make a lot of currency as substantially as discos. There are a lot of dangers related to noise. For example if u listen to loud music it can damage your ears. That is why when you entirely a disc man or any music whatsis it warn the client of this.Loud noises created by man can strike the life style of animals. It can drive animals away from their natural search ground and to less favourable land.At places such as football game stadium of race tracks or concerts, the noise level is extremely full(prenominal) and can cause short term effects as substantially as long term effects. The people who are working in the race tracks, football stadiums and concerts are not concerned about the well being of the spectator because as long as the workers get stipendiary they are happy.Sound sometimes cant be avoided because humans wealthy person no control over nature and nature can also drive sound.Mobile phones create a lot of pollution specially because in that location are so many mobile phones around. Eight out of ten people have mobiles and some people get fed up because mobile phones are always ringing. Mobile phone manufacturers such as Nokia, Motorola. Siemens, Sony and Erickson are happy that so many people are acquire their products and dont really pay much attention to the noise pollution.Aircrafts produce very high levels of sound. Inside an aircraft the sound is instead loud. On the outside the sound is very loud. Apartments and houses near airports are at great risk. Aircrafts pass constantly. In Lisbon airport the aircraft pass extremely close to the apartments and this must be very bad for the people who live in the apartments. People soundless live in these locations because the price of houses and apartments are much lower because of the airports. The has been jaw in Portugal about a certain time where there can be no flights arriving or taking off this means that aircraft companies are loosing money.Dogs which constantly bark all day are also a form of noise pollution. Neighbours get irritated and cant sleep because of the barking have a right to complain.In apartments you are not allowed to make noise after 10 pm. If you do then theyour neighbours can complain or even call the police. The police can give you a quite a large fine for disturbing the peace. Discos and bars in certain areas need to close down at 12 am. There are always police clearing off the location at 12 pm.Some people make a lot of money because of sound. The music industry is hug e. And it attracts teenagers and music lovers. Teenagers dont realize the dangers of loud music. I come back music manufacturers such as Sony should increase the warning on the music products so that it give more security to the buyer.

Circular Flow Essay

In the textbook, there ar two invoice hunt diagrams. One represents the track downs in the macro-economy as a closed trunk and the other represents the flows as an uncivil system. The bank bill flow diagrams show how cash travels through the economic systems including business organisationes, ho enjoymentholds, outside agents and governments (tower Board, 2013). Within the closed and rotate systems there are two consumers. The set-back consumers are households that buy goods and function and the second consumers are those businesses that purchase factors to produce. Households degrade the goods market while the businesses enter factor markets.The first type of circular flow is that of the closed macro-economy system. This is the circular flow of cash. A closed system is an economic model that counts provided internal exchanges but not the abroad agents. This therefore means that without foreign agents, the government or the economy is easy of dodgings. This syste m is basically shut off from surrounding environments and is self-contained. An example of a closed system would be the Earth system as a whole. Although aught passes across the Earths system boundary, no visual modality is exchange throughout the Earths system and the rest of the innovation (Ritter, M., 2011).The second type of circular flow in the macro-economy is considered the disseminate system. The open system is the opposite of the closed system. It is an economic model that counts goods and service exchanged domestically and amidst nations (Editorial Board, 2013). In the diagram in the textbook, it indicates the circular flow of money in an open economy system. Open systems allow energy and hoi polloi to pass through and across the system boundary. An example of an open system would be the ocean. The ocean is considered an open system because it allows energy and mass to pass through. Energy which is solar radiation, latent heat and mass including wet vapor and precip itation all pass across the boundary between the atmosphere and hydrosphere of the ocean.In the closed system, households spend their money not only on domestic products but also on goods and services. While tone over the diagram should in the textbook, the inner flow of the closed system let ins land, labor, and capital given to businesses from households to receive goods and services to the household. Households use the income ( proceeds and salaries) for services offered to business to purchase goods and services from other businesses. On the other hand, businesses use the money received from households to buy factors of production they require. Thus, money flows in a circular motion within the economy. Therefore, the outer flows of a closed system include money from the household to business in order to pay for wages and rent for the houses.In the open system, there are more flow levels to consider. An open system considers the flow of money both domestically and internatio nally between countries. This system includes the government, households, and businesses. The demand for imports from a foreign economy consists of goods for investment, usage of government goods. The government however enters the factor market as vigorous as the goods market. It enters the factor market in order to obtain domestic labor, capital, and other factors of production to provide goods and services. The government enters the goods market to purchase these goods and services such as railroad cars, trucks, pens or pencils. After the government lends out humanity services to the household and businesses, the households sends labor, land and capital to businesses and receive goods and services from those businesses as they pay taxes to the government. The next level flow which is the outer flow consists of money sent from the household to the businesses for wages and rent to be paid for the household.Leakages are taxes, savings, and import expenditures not spend in the eco nomy. There are some(prenominal) leaks in the open system which includes leaks from households to companies, businesses to owners of factors of production and from both households and businesses to the government. Money leakages are created when an American consumer buys imports or when a company in theUnited States hires person from India to work as a customer service representative. The households leaks when consumers buy goods and services from foreign businesses, and the money those households save whether in checking accounts or stocking. The business leaks when firms use labor, capital and other resources from foreign households. These leaks then inject money into the system. guess is considered as things that enter into the households or businesses due to the leaks that were caused in the open system. An stroke that comes into the household is that of foreign firms sending wages and rent to US households. An guesswork that comes into the businesses is that of foreign hou seholds purchasing goods produced by US firms. An example of a leakage would be a household buying a foreign car from a foreign company outside the United States. An example of an injection would be households in japan purchasing pens and pencils from firms in the United States.The conflict between closed systems and open systems can be defined easily. getting a better understanding of the two systems and how they work can sponsor us operate throughout our daily lives and the world around us. As we grow we continue to learn about our economy and how the government interacts with households and companies.ReferencesEditorial Board (2013). Introduction to Macroeconomics. Web retrieved from http//wow.coursesmart.com/9781934920541/firstsectionX2ludGVybmFsX0J2ZGVwRmxhc2hSZWFkZXI/eG1saWQ9OTc4MTkzNDkyMDU0MS8zMA== Ritter, Michael E. The sensible Environment an Introduction to Physical Geography. http//www4.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/earth_system/types_of_systems.html

An Introspective Case Into James Joyce’s Araby Essay

He elegantly personifies the homes on North capital of Virginia Street as conscious of decent lives at heart them which gazed at adept a nonher with br make imperturbable faces. And the lane itself blind (Joyce Pg. 328). These first fewer aviations of the inadequate lying boloney Araby indicate exactly what the story entails. What urgently awaits the reader, in crowd Joyces discovering tale of a youth male child who comes to terms with his repressively strict and illusory living environment, is a trus twainrthy reflection of the Authors own experiences as a capital of Irelander.The narration is intertwined with thoughts of escapism from a forever mundane instauration which lacks form and emotional granting immunity. Whether the transp bent symbolism, which balances this reflection, is strictly of religious prolongation or of purely psychological creed is non the discussion at hand. In fact, it is merely a coming of suppurate tale with a religious undertone as Joy ce neer disappoints to pull in his perspective on trust and life into his fiction.Araby begins by describing the town of Dublin, Ireland as quite forlorn and despairing a place that is non inescapably filled with adventure and spontaneity, as done the tellers subjective eyes. When we met in the street the houses had grown sombertowards it (the sky) the lamps of the street lifted their feeble lanterns. (Joyce Pg. 328) With key wrangle much(prenominal)(prenominal) as somber and feeble in the first few paragraphs alone, Joyce constitutes up a mood for the later darn. This description shows that the boy is not too fond of his surroundings in fact, undermining them.Tradition solelyy this fictional plot whitethorn be best set forth as piece of music measure society although, age relating Araby to Joyce we come to discover it may actually be man verses himself. The boy announces the career of our play brought us through the darkness muddy lanesto the back doors of the dark dripping gardens (Joyce Pg. 328). In one line alone the word dark becomes repetitive. Undeniably the author wishes to describe Dublin as the least of favorable places for a childs youth. This may set up an indication into a piece of individualized name by Joyce. The boy, whose name Joyce chooses to remain anonymous, is apparently struggling with the ommunity he resides in just as Joyce had done.This vie may be felt on a strictly psychological level the boy feels trapped among dissimilar characters he comes into contact with passim his daily routine his guardians, the drill master, the sottish men, bargaining women and shop boys of the market and the English speaking girl of the bazaar. These characters all form a negative impression on his perspective of the union. The youth boy recalls my aunt believed it was not some freemason affair in response to his inquiry for leave to attend the carnival (Joyce Pg. 30).Freemasons are members of an resistor brotherhood that were t hought to be of extreme adversary to the ideals of the church (Griffin). During school the boy quotes I watched my masters face pass from amiability to strictness describing the strict, forceful education provided in Dublin (Joyce Pg 330). This may be a simple reflection of the various foes Joyce has dealt with during his time in Ireland. For example, Richard Ellman, a noted biographer of Joyce, notes that Joyce was, at one point, a slight alcoholic and had gotten in an disturbance once in a bar in St.Stephens Green (Ellman 162). He in addition adds that while living with a man by the man of Oliver Gogarty, he was violently threatened with a pistol (Ellman 175). For Joyce, these are plainly a few of some of the harsh experiences living within Dublin. On the other hand, in Araby one character seems to contrast these emotions. An obsoleteer, curiously dismal girl, the sister of a close friend Mangan, seems to intrigue him in a spellbinding way. The young boy describes his first hand experience with her every(prenominal) morning I lay on the floor in the crusade parlor watching her door.I had never spoken to herand yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood. (Joyce Pg. 329) It seems the vote counter is emotionally dominated by obsession. With the use of the term foolish, he apparently openly admits of the level offtual conclusion to Araby when he realizes his befriending was merely a failed attempt at escapism. However, what sparks his interest in this specific girl is of the more or less riveting wonder. More significantly, what compels Joyce to construct such a romantic establish use of symbolism is under more precise interrogation.He is development the romantic endeavor to figuratively illustrate the storytellers informal struggle with society. A few indications amongst the introducing paragraphs that give clues to the narrators feelings are made apparent as he quotes The blind was pulled down to within an inch of the sash so that I could not be seen. (Joyce Pg. 329) In this line, Joyce signifies that his indifference to the Catholic culture may arrive been hidden as a child. If I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused reverence may show his confused feelings regarding this imbalance of emotions he experienced in Ireland (Joyce Pg 329).He intends to portray a story of youthful ignorance and naive nature, quite an than a tale of heartfelt admiration. He uses this plot to array a field of study that mirrors his own conclusion of Ireland Joyce could not absorb his own productive nature as a literary artist out of such a prosaic culture as a child. It may have lacked the necessary hunger, stimulation, and curiosity he so desperately desired. In The years of Bloom James Joyce, writer John McCourt speaks of how Joyce had a furiously allure early relationship with the Irish Roman Catholic Church (McCourt).He adds that Joyce also had an turn ego, Stephen Dedalus, which may help illustrate this in ner involvement with religion and the community. His confused, indifference can be portrayed through this alter ego as it has been through the naive journey of the young narrator in Araby. As the story of Araby eventually unfolds, we learn that the young boy is deluded by his crush. During his first actual encounter, he learned of her involvement with a convent, which in reality would have rendered her off the market but the narrator disregards this important point.His vain nature causes him to continue this obsession and pass it into the forecast for attending the bazaar rather than facing the reality that she has vowed to the church in becoming a Nun. In fact, this transfer of obsession only if shows that the stories underlie theme is not of romance but of self-love. As one amateur explains the outcome He has come to accept as just a life in which children play in joyless streets, girls cannot attend bazaars because of convent duties, old ladies collect used stamps for unwo rldly purposes, aunts mark time as this dark of Our Lord, and even drunken uncles cannot resist moralizing. After a chronology of events strengthens the narrators doubt and weakens his hope on winning over Mangans sister he suffers from a sense of disillusion. In reference to the concluding thoughts of the narrator, as Coulthard implies, most commentators omit religion from their list of disenchanting influences and regard anguish as the most important word in the narrators climactic memory of his disenchant boyhood experience(Coulthard). The boy reflects Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity and my eyes destroy with anguish and anger (Joyce Pg. 32).This shows that the boy has not overcome but, in a sense, matured. He has learned of his mistake and has accepted his unfortunate circumstances. It has been said that Joyce travelled back and forth from Ireland to Trieste, to Rome, and then London, then finally Zurich by 1912 never to retu rn to Ireland again (Geheber). It seems that the Narrators change of perspective passim the tale reflects Joyces contrasting alter-ego and indecisive outlook of the Irish-Roman Catholic culture illustrated by his travels.This someone psychology of naive verses wise nature portrayed by the narrators emotional change seems to capture a piece of Joyce that has been seen end-to-end his confusingly indifferent feelings with his homeland and the foes he has encountered during his life. The narrators feelings towards the community also become more defined after his comment on a specific book discovered in the back displace room of his home. Perhaps one of the most theme bearing points of the story, the narrator discovers three books.The first two speak of religious tolerance. The Abbot and The devout Communicator are two stories that directly signal highly religious fancys of immortal fearing, law abiding people of extreme holiness. These are both two topics that have been cognize to frustrate Joyce (Geheber). An Abbot is a superior of an abbey of monks (Hyperdictionary) while being Devout is to be completely devoted to a pious stamp (Merriam-Webster). This Devotion may go uncanny regarding whether the specific belief weds enormous sacrifice to livelihood.The last book, however, draws the boys interest he quotes I liked the last best because its leaves were yellow in reference to The Memoirs of Vidocq (Joyce Pg. 328). The significance to Joyce and the theme of Araby provided by this single reference is intense. As Coulthard notes, The Memoirs of Vidocq, the muniment of a French policeman and soldier of fortune, would have provided vicarious skirt from this Catholic discipline (Coulthard). Eugene Francois Vidocq was a French man of the 18th century who is described as having a mischievous nature causing him to be oftentimes at odds with his parents (Fleisher).Joyces use of this reference in Araby has more significance than otherwise noted by the naked eye . Vidocq can also be compared to feelings of rebellion being that he ran away from home due to deceitful acts of betrayal towards his own father. In the company of a young woman he ran off with, he traveled to various French seaports seeking passage to the New World (Fleisher). In the boys words as he describes the book as yellow, we beak a sense of relation to Vidocq as comparing the shade with a sense of bitterness and melancholy towards his own family and culture.Also, in a short biographical background of Joyce in The Norton Introduction to Literature, we learn that James Joyce had also eloped with a young woman Nora very similar to Vidocqs journey of exile (Hunter Pg. 391)(Fleisher). This is merely a self-reflection by the author, who makes a knockout note of incorporating his own experiences into this piece of literature. In the tale, Joyce continues to combine his own experiences living throughout Europe. It is said that immediately after graduating from the local Univers ity, as a young adventurous man, Joyce promptly fled to Paris (Ellman)(Hunter Pg. 91).Paris has evermore been k nown as a very artsy, open minded center of creative thinking (Walz). Descriptions of Paris in the early twentieth century may draw upon one to conclude a grippingly lucid contrast to the setting so symbolically portrayed in Araby. Joyce describes the transportation during the young boys trip to the Bazaar I strode down Buckingham street toward the stationI took my seat in a third-class carriage of a deserted train (Joyce Pg. 331). He goes on to describe the slow speed of the train as an intolerable delay. This is a great example of the large contrast to the well known pipe system of Paris at the time.There is no question that Joyces comparison of Paris to his indigenous Irish ascetic culture greatly influenced the context of his work. In reference to the popular surrealist culture arising in 20th century Paris one critic quotes In addition to its split known literary a nd artistic origins, the French surrealist movement drew transport from currents of psychological anxiety and rebellion running through a dull side of mass culture, specifically in fantastic popular fiction and sensationalistic journalism (Walz).Surrealism was a movement of writers and artists that used fantastic images to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams very similar to the display of symbolism used by Joyce in Araby. Additionally, this psychological anxiety and rebellion are exactly the primal emotions felt by the narrator through out his journey toward realism. Although Joyce was not a true surrealist, many of the techniques revolving around these literary methods can be easily seen within his work Ulysses (Ellis-Christensen).In this novel, Joyce uses the idea of a menses of consciousness. Although, less apparent, these same methods and techniques of thought will begin to come out among the lines of Araby, but in a much more figurative sense. I had hardly any patien ce with the serious work of life which, now that it stood between me and my desire expresses the Narrator speaking of desire and an inner struggle with himself. These emotions by the narrator most certainly may be divided by the author as well, which initially drove him to Paris and throughout Europe as a young scholar.As Joyce tells the story through the narrators first person perspective, views on life and religion seems to become much more metaphorical than otherwise noticed upon a single study of the text. Additionally, in James Joyces Concept of the Underthough, Michael Harding explains Joyces use of existential thought in many of his works. He goes on to describe how famous Philosopher Ludwig Wittgensteins works on logic relating to ethical and religious points of view had a profound impact on Joyce (Harding).As Robert C. Solomon defines existentialism, it is disorientation or Confusion from a world based on planned indistinguishability and freeing ones mind to think from a non- teach perspective (Solomon). This idea of freedom which can be seen in the line when the Christian Brothers School set the boys free is exactly what the narrator strived for in Araby. Alone, this line summarizes Joyces thoughts on religion and how it intrudes on his thoughts of existentialism.Therefore, the underlying religious context of the story is only added by Joyce as a reference to illustrate a conditioned existence. As Coulthard comments But they were freed into an equally grim world where not even play brought pleasure, he shows how the entire story clarifies an entire existence of conditioning which Joyce spends many years of external influence deflecting (Coulthard). This is the basis for the theme of escapism and is directly denoted by his many years of philosophic inquisitive among other European nations.The entire theme, characters, and setting within the fictional tale of Araby have a much larger than fictional significance to Joyces life. Each line, phrase, a nd reference has a greater figurative meaning that applies to his struggles throughout his confused and imbalanced maturity while in Dublin. While never sure whether to accept the Irish Roman Catholic faith and always striving for something more, Joyce reflects on himself through the narrator of Araby and essentially uses this ale as his own form of escapism.He may have seen himself as an idealist, who felt hindered and hold in his childhood endeavors. From the description of a dark community, to the expression of initial hopefulness, and later self deceit he provides a plot to transcend his own feelings. With the addition of a romantic, yet philosophical context, Joyce clearly shows personal attachment of his perspective on religion and life into his fiction.

Research Proposal on Consumer Decision Analysis Essay

Primary enquiry accusatory To adjust the incidentors influencing the consumer purpose term steal production drunkennesss in the age congregation 17-30 in the city of Pune. Secondary research objective To determine the product attributes influencing procure decision of crop discombobulate strike offs. To determine the reasons for devour versatile harvest-time wassail differentiates. To determine the al more or less cullent SKU(quantity) in harvest-tide imbibition category. To determine the most pet canalize in the proceeds crapulence category. Data which research plans to break agents influencing the natural selection of tabuput drinks over early(a) beverages.Factors influencing choice of a event take drink target. Factors influencing the choice of a particular channel in production drink category. hold dear of In abidanceation to Management This encompass aims to generate teaching on various portions influencing consumer decision whil e get a take drink. Companies shadower lend oneself this information for stick acrossing the aw atomic number 18ness levels of their respective stains in the harvest-feast drink category. Also companies can judge their positioning and promotion strategies found on the factors influencing the choice of a particular output drink target.Companies can also utilise the factors influencing the choice of SKU for managing their portfolio of disparate SKUs in the harvest-tide drink category. The information on factors influencing the choice of a channel can be used to pore on the ontogeny transmit and also in managing vivacious channels. This report also contains broad base trends on consumer profile, awareness levels, usage patterns and fruit drink category as a whole which can be use to make inferences ab step to the fore the future. look memory access Data collection methods.a) Secondary Research External secondary data has been generated to start give away volume of sales regarding beverage markets, fruit drinks, each of the brands and the positioning of each of the brands. b) eyeshot Research Data was collected from candidates utilise questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed in colleges and tidy sum on the street. I distributed the questionnaires outside the shops to gather data from multitude who had come to visit on that point. I make an online questionnaire and circulated on the internet and ga on that pointd results from those. amount Instruments The measurement instrument in the questionnaire was a five point Likert outdo. Apart from lucubrate regarding their choice of drink for diversion, their oftenness of visits and the channels they choose, their spending patterns will also be mapped. The data was extracted and put in MS Excel. All the further outline was thus carried out using SPSS. The measurement was make outing to abridge a fair estimate about the various attributes and conducted factorial outlin e of the master(prenominal) attributes. S amples The aim was to collect light speed samples for the synopsis. The samples should be such that they are consumers of fruit drinks.I also tried to get an adequate ratio of men and women in the samples. The main(prenominal) demographics f whole guyed were the younger age gathering as they are to a greater extent than wellness conscious and aware of such wellness drinks. Also I tried to focus more on the college going advertise and young professionals as they would be more interested in trying out new products and were more conscious. Buyers who lay down been overwhelming fruit drinks were better able to resoluteness the questions regarding the influencing factors and the reasons for their consumption and secure. The samples collected from internet birth also been very(prenominal) valuable in the research.Analysis Techniques The analysis techniques used cook been on SPSS and the tests were performed to ascertain the factor s influencing the consumer decision while buying fruit drinks. Factor analysis was conducted to discern out of the 13 factors chiefly which factors warp the buying habits of the consumers. Ultimately I identified 5 factors which mainly gestate an limit. I also conducted correlativity tests to nonice out the various reasons for purchasing whatever particular brand of fruit drink. The main limitation is the sampling conducted. It was make in a random manner and no particular technique followed.In the foremost survey a great tot up of college students fox been surveyed. The data powerfulness non be representative of the entire population. Limitations miscellaneous statistical techniques as learned have been implemented and conclusions as best attainable have been drawn making a some(prenominal) assumptions as and when required. Since no data was on interval or ratio scale it was not feasible to conduct retroflexion and ANOVA. Factor Analysis The Perceptual occas ion for various factor recognized revolve Component Matrix(a) Component health and media thingmabob product features box tendency hygienics influence range_ tactile propertys 0.112 -0. 069 0. 847 -0. 056 0. 033 availability 0. 011 0. 001 0. 82 0. 009 0. 042 brand embassador 0. 633 -0. 072 -0. 253 -0. 118 0. 3 visual_packg 0. 084 0. 072 0. 062 -0. 023 0. 872 price -0. 14 0. 003 0. 088 0. 691 0. 438 quantityavailable 0. 108 0. 643 0. 041 -0. 181 0. 06 promotionschemes -0. 08 0. 856 -0. 039 0. 172 -0. 032 computer softwarecleanliness 0. 926 0. 004 0. 152 -0. 013 -0. 014 brandvalue -0. 116 0. 794 -0. 159 0. cxxv -0. 028 nutritionvalue 0. 778 -0. 074 -0. 043 0. 067 -0. 088 flavour 0. 147 0. 118 -0. 113 0. 779 -0. 261 adfreq -0. 065 0. 8 0. 052 0. 046 0. 066 destructiondate 0. 805 -0.009 0. 244 0. 04 0. 043 Extraction Method top dog Component Analysis. rotary motion Method Varimax with Kaiser zero(prenominal)malization. a. Rotation converged in 6 iterations. The factors recogniz ed subsequently the factor analysis are as under Factor 1 health and hygiene 1. Packet cleanliness 2. Nutrition lever 3. Expiry Date Factor 2 Media entrance 1. Promotion Schemes 2. injury Value 3. AD Frequency Factor 3 doojigger 1. Range of flavors 2. Availability Factor 4 carrefour Features 1. Price 2. tonus Factor 5 portion invent 1. opthalmic Packaging Attributes those were not important 1. Brand Ambassador 2.Quantity forthcoming The perceptual maps show the mapping of different factors in the drumheads of the customers and the tie amid them. The data was reduced from m any attributes to 5 factors that have similar attributes. The various factors mapped according to the rotate results of factor analysis. The factors were addicted names based on the attributes in them. These factors were used to form the factor analysis where two factors were mapped on X and Y axis to know the relation among them. The factors attend to the lodge to know how the product is cu rrently mapped in the customers mind.If a target consumer is focused upon then the factors can be changed and a different map can be formed. The attribute brand ambassador and software sizes available are not a major attribute in any of the factors. This justifies the fact that almost all the major fruit drinks are not endorsed by any of the big brand ambassador barring a few such as minute wet-nurse pulpy orange tree (Nikhil Chinappa ) . Also the mannikin of the package sizes available is not touching the consumer decision while making a corrupt for fruit drinks. CrossTabs 1. secure relative oftenness VS SKU PREFERRED.Crosstab figuring SKU 200 ml obtainfrequency 1-3 generation 4-6 generation more than 6 propagation rarely Total 25 15 7 11 58 three hundred ml 2 6 1 1 10 500 ml 5 6 4 5 20 1 litre 2 0 4 6 12 Total 34 27 16 23 blow Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood dimension Linear-by-Linear affiliation N of Valid Cases a. 19. 117a 20. 380 8. 109 cytosine df 9 9 1 sided) . 024 . 016 . 004 10 cells (62. 5%) have pass judgment weigh slight(prenominal) than 5. The minimum expect await is 1. 60. Since p value is less than of import i. e. .05 (95% confidence level), thus h0 is rejected. This shows that there is soaring association amidst bribe frequency and SKU or quantity packs.This is an sign of the fact that people preferring smaller SKUs usually purchase more as compared to others. consequently gritty association betwixt purchase frequency and SKU (pack sizes ) is constituted . 2. PURCHASE frequency VS sexuality purchasefrequency * gender Crosstabulation Count gender manly purchasefrequency 1-3 quantify 4-6 time more than 6 times rarely Total 19 18 12 17 66 female 15 9 4 6 34 Total 34 27 16 23 blow Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood symmetry Linear-by-Linear tie beam N of Valid Cases 2. 776a 2. 776 2. 387 atomic number 6 df 3 3 1 sided) . 428 . 427 . 122 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected depend less than 5.The minimum expected seem is 5. 44. Since p value is greater than important i. e. o. 05 (95% confidence level), therefore there is no association among purchase frequency and gender. 3. CHOICE OF CHANNEL VS FACTORS change CHOICE OF CHANNEL channel * reasonforchannel Crosstabulation Count reasonforchannel Pricing channel Retail line Supermarket Cineplex Restaurants run low Pan shops Others Total 4 4 1 1 1 0 1 12 ambience 8 6 0 3 2 2 0 21 Nearness 23 6 0 1 1 0 0 31 Service 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Display 13 6 2 3 1 0 0 25 news report 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 Occasion 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 Total 54 23 5 9 5 2 2 100.Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 68. 211a 50. 165 1. 108 100 df 36 36 1 sided) . 001 . 059 . 293 a. 43 cells (87. 8%) have expected figure less than 5. The minimum expected deal is . 02. Here p value is less than alpha i. e. 0. 05 (95% confidence level) ther efore Ho is rejected. This shows that there is mellowed association mingled with choice of channel and factors affecting the choice of channel.This gives an characteristic such that those people who turn over availability and meanness as their factor affecting the choice of channel might prefer buying fruit drink from retail stores or food product stores. Thus a high association is established. CROSSTABS OF PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS REASONS FOR HAVING FRUIT DRINKS I conducted crosstabs of purchase frequency with the scores /ranking given up by various respondents to the various reasons for intoxication fruit drinks such as genialisation, refreshment, enjoyment, psychical fleece, mental attitude, basic liking, taste etc. out of all these crosstabs association was found between two cases.The two cases have been given below 1. PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS diversion purchasefrequency * refreshment Crosstabulation Count refreshment uncomplete prevail nor strongly disaccord purchase frequency 1-3 times 4-6 times more than 6 times rarely Total 20 18 9 8 55 disaccord 7 6 7 12 32 dis equalize 5 0 0 2 7 agree 2 1 0 1 4 strongly agree 0 2 0 0 2 Total 34 27 16 23 100 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 20. 628a 23. 332 . 108 100 df 12 12 1 sided) . 056 . 025 . 742 a. 12 cells (60. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .32. Since p value is less than alpha (95% confidence level) thus there is high association between refreshment innovation and purchase frequency. This might be an indication of the fact that people tipsiness fruit drinks for refreshment finding generally buy more as compared to others. PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS BASIC THIRST purchasefrequency * basicthirst Crosstabulation Count basicthirst uncomplete agree nor strongly disagree purchasefrequency 1-3 times 4-6 times more than 6 times rarely Total 6 11 3 11 31 disagree 15 6 9 9 39 disagree 7 6 0 2 15 agree 5 4 4 0 13 strongly agree 1 0 0 1 2 Total 34 27 16 23 100.Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 20. 262a 26. 177 4. 223 100 df 12 12 1 sided) . 062 . 010 . 040 a. 12 cells (60. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is . 32. Since p value is less than alpha (95%) therefore there is high association between purchase frequency and basic thirst / pick purpose. This might be an indication of the fact that people insobriety fruit drinks for basic thirst / filling purpose generally buy more as compared to others.Correlation Correlation of the various brands (i. e. Appy, Real, Tropicana etc) was done with various reasons for drinking such as refreshment, enjoyment, vitality, mental lift etc. I tried to identify the various reasons that are correlated with various brands . This activity basically helped us in identifying the perception and connotations of people towards v arious fruit drink brands. interest are some of the inferences that I established after conducting the coefficient of correlation analysis. 1.thither was a noteworthy correlation between brand Real and the chase(a) reasons for drinking wellness exercise office 2. in that respect was a material correlation between brand Tropicana and the side by side(p) reasons for drinking wellness Enjoyment 3. on that point was a significant correlation between brand Maaza and the following reasons for drinking Attitude 4. in that location was a no correlation between brand cold shoulder and the various reasons for drinking. 5. there was a significant correlation between brand Appy and the following reasons for drinking Socialising 6.There was a significant correlation between brand Frooti and the following reasons for drinking Taste psychological lift 7. There was a significant correlation between brand Mangola and the following reasons for drinking Taste Mental lift 8. There was a significant correlation between brand Pulpy orangish and the following reasons for drinking Attitude 9. There was a significant correlation between brand Twister and the following reasons for drinking Taste Mental lift 10.There was a significant correlation between brand Others (ex. Lehberry etc.) and the following reasons for drinking Attitude Basic thirst Conclusion On the basis of the data collected and the tests conducted I have arrived at the following conclusions With the help of correlation I was able to identify the attributes that consumers associate with the various fruit drinks and which in turn drive their purchase decision for the same. For example Tropicana is associated with health and enjoyment whereas Appy is associated with socialising. These debate the perceptions of the various fruit drinks in the mind of the consumers.The crosstab between purchase frequency and SKU showed that those purchasing smaller SKUs purchase more frequently as com pared to those who purchased a 500ml or 1litre. On the other hand there is no impact of gender on purchasing frequency for fruit drinks. There is a high association between the channels best-loved and the factors affecting these channels. The most important factor came out to be location or nearness of the channel. There is also a high association between purchase frequency and reasons for devour fruit drinks such as refreshment and fulfilling basic thirst.In factor analysis I found out 5 factors which mainly have an impact on the purchase of a fruit drink. There were two factors which did not have any significant impact. Also, I found out that the most prefer channel for purchase in retail stores. The most favored SKU is 200ml packs which could be due to whatsis. The most preferred drink is Frooti followed by Tropicana and Real. Annexure Perceptual Maps 1.Health & Hygiene Vs Media Influence 0. 778 health and hygienics -0. 08 0. 926 -0. 116 0. 778 -0. 065 0. 805 media/externa l influence 0. 856 0. 004 0. 794 -0. 074 0. 8 -0. 009.promotionschemes packetcleanliness brandvalue nutritionvalue adfreq expirydate 2. Health & Hygiene Vs gadget health and hygiene range_flavours availability packetcleanlines s nutritionvalue expirydate 0. 112 0. 011 0. 926 0. 778 0. 805 convenience 0. 847 0. 82 0. 152 -0. 043 0. 244 3.Health & Hygiene Vs Product Features health and hygiene price packetcleanlines s nutritionvalue flavour expirydate -0. 14 0. 926 0. 778 0. 147 0. 805 product features 0. 691 -0. 013 0. 067 0. 779 0. 04 4. Media Influence Vs Convenience media influence range_flavours availability -0. 069 0. 001 convenience 0. 847 0. 82.promotionschemes brandvalue adfreq 0. 856 0. 794 0. 8 -0. 039 -0. 159 0. 052 5. Media Influence Vs Product Features media influence price promotionscheme s brandvalue flavour adfreq 0. 003 0. 856 0. 794 0. 118 0. 8 product features 0. 691 0. 172 0. 125 0. 779 0. 046 6.Convenience Vs Product Feature convenience range_flavours avai lability price flavour 0. 847 0. 82 0. 088 -0. 113 product features -0. 056 0. 009 0. 691 0. 779 7. Health & Hygiene Vs Package Design visual_packg packetcleanline ss nutritionvalue expirydate health and package hygiene design 0. 084 0. 872 0. 926 -0. 014 0. 778 0. 805 -0. 088 0. 043 8.Media Influence Vs Package Design media/external package influence design visual_packg 0. 072 0. 872 promotionscheme 0. 856 -0. 032 s brandvalue 0. 794 -0. 028 adfreq 0. 8 0. 066 9. Convenience Vs Package Design range_flavou rs convenience package design 0. 847 0. 033 availability visual_packg 0. 82 0. 062 0. 042 0. 872 10. Product features Vs Package design product features visual_pack g price flavour -0. 023 0. 691 0. 779 package design 0. 872 0. 438 -0. 261 Questionnaire QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Whom do you buy fruit drinks for? (Tick one) a) Myself b) Family c) Children d) institutional purposes / social occasions 2.a) b) c) d) 3. a) b) c) d) How often do you have a fruit drink? 1-3 times a week 4-6 ti mes a week More than 6 times a week rarely (fortnightly ) What quantity do you usually prefer to buy? 200-250 ml (Tetrapak) 300 ml 500 ml bottle 1 litre 4. Through which medium did you come to know about your preferred fruit drink brand? a) Hoardings and banners b) Newspaper and magazines c) TV/radio d) Word of mouth e) Others .. 5. Do the following reasons influence your consumption of fruit drinks? Strongly Disagree Neither allot disagree agree nor REASONS disagree For social occasions / entertainment It acts as a refreshment.Strongly Agree It provides enjoyment It tastes very good It satisfies my basic thirst and is filling I feel a sniff out of well being after consuming it It gives me vitality and energy It relaxes me mentally It reflects my attitude 6. Rank the following fruit drinks from 1 to 5, with 1 being least preferred and 5 being most preferred a) Real b) Tropicana c) Maaza d) Slice e) Appy f) Frooti g) Mangola h) Pulpy orange i) Twister j) Others 7.How imp ortant are the following factors for purchasing a fruit drink? FACTORS Very less Less No important important Influenc e big Very Important Flavor No. of flavors Availability and Convenience Price Cleanliness of packet/ not damaged Manufacturing date /expiry date Frequency of advertisement Brand ambassador Nutritional value/ kilogram calorie content Brand value /brand name SKUs available Promotion schemes/discounts Visual appeal of packaging 8. Which is your most preferred channel for purchasing a fruit drink?a) Retail store/grocery store b) Supermarket/hypermarket c) Cineplex d) Pan shop/kiosks e) Restaurants f) Travel g) Others. 9. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Which is the most important characteristic for choosing the channel? Pricing Ambience Location/ nearness Service Display /merchandising record Occasion Others Personal Details 1. grow a) b) c) d) 17-20 21-24 25-28 29 and above 2. Gender a) manlike b) Female 3. Education a) b) c) d) e) High check Undergraduate Graduate Postgr aduate Others.