The Montessori Method Essay examples -- Teaching Education

The Montessori Method (Word count includes Annotated Bibliography)The Montessori method began in the early 1900s by the first female doctor in Italy, Dr. Mary Montessori, as a way of educating mentally disabled children. Her ideas were so successful with these children that she began to apply her understanding of learning to study the potential of normally surgical procedure children (Oalf, 2001). Dr. Montessoris approach to education stresses the importance of learning styles, independence and responsibility. According to Maria Montessori, In the special environment prepared?in our schools, the children themselves found a sentence that expresses their inward need, Help me to help myself. ? (Standing, 1957). The ?prepared environment?, according to Montessori, consists of clean, bright, multi-sensory stimulating materials that are engaging for the child and that are placed in at their level so they back end be accessed freely. There is a concentration on ?discovery moments?, defined as when a child learns new information through personal exploration (Fisher, 1964), in reading, math, social skills, and other subjects. The guided discovery approach means careful planning and direction for the child and that adults must know the purpose and intend of each activity the child chooses in the classroom. Montessori teachers attempt to instill an internal drive into the children using this child-centered approach to teaching. An example of this is the use of mats or rugs in the classroom. apiece child has a mat or rug to spread their materials out on. Every other child is respectful of this child?s space and he/she, in turn, is respectful of others. The result of this approach is a classroom full of self-monitoring students. ... ...cation Week, 21, 24. Retrieved April 14, 2004 from ERIC/EBSCO database. This article discusses the difference between direct instruction and the Montessori method, using the example of ace school in Texas, which offers par ents a choice of which instruction they would like for their child. The end of this article tells that test results from each classroom turn out about equal, despite the radically different teaching approach. This is because different children do well in different types of classrooms. Zad, M. (1990, November 18). Montessori way highlights video for preschoolers. The Washington Post, pp. y.08. This is a local article taken from The Washington Post regarding the use of video in Montessori classrooms. The use of video technology corresponds with the Montessori method if it is stimulating to the child and aids in discovery learning.

Womens Rights :: Womens Rights Movement

Women had it difficult in the mid-1800s to early 1900s. There was a difference in the treatment of men and women then. unite women had few rights in the eyes of the law. Women were not even allowed to vote until August 1920. They were not allowed to enter professions such as medicine or law. There were no chances of women getting an education then because no college or university would accept a female with only a few exceptions. Women were not allowed to participate in the affairs of the church. They thought they were totally dependent on men.Then the first Womens Rights Convention was held on July nineteenth and twentieth in 1848. The convention was assembled as planned, and over the two days of discussion, the Declaration of Sentiments and twelve resolutions received agreement and endorsement, one by one, with a few amendments. The only resolution that did not pass unanimously was the accost for womens authorization. The thought that women should be allowed to vote in elections was impossible to some. At the convention, debate over the womans vote was the main concern.Womens Rights Conventions were held on a regular basis from 1850 until the live of the Civil War. Some drew such large crowds that people had to be turned away for lack of meeting space. The womens rights movement of the late nineteenth ascorbic acid went on to address the wide range of issues spelled out at the Seneca Falls Convention. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and women like Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, and Sojourner Truth, who were pioneer theorists, traveled the country lecturing and organizing for the next forty years. agreeable the right to vote was the key issue, since the vote would provide the means to accomplish the other amendments. The campaign for womans right to vote ran across so much free burning opposition that it took 72 years for the women and their male supporters to win. They finally received the right to vote in 1920.There were some very important women involved in the Womens Right Movement. Esther Morris, who was the first woman to hold a judicial position and who led the first successful state campaign for womans right to vote in 1869. Abigail Scott Duniway was the leader of the successful fight in the early 1900s.

Free Narrative Essays - Getting Out :: Personal Narrative Essays

Getting Out Moving to Ankeny proved to be more difficult that I first expected. I had been looking at forward to moving out of the house for over four years, and wxpected it to be easy and fun. Moving turned out to be neither easy nor very(prenominal) fun, as I had hoped it would be. I took us four trips to Ankeny just to get our apartment. First, we had to look at different apartments. Then we had to sign a few cover and leave a deposit. Belmont Apartments decided to change the way it filed information. So, we had to go back again to sign a bunch of papers, bring a money society for the first months rent, rip up the old deposit check, and pay a highter deposit. The apartment manager showed us the apartment, and then we left. Our apartment manager decided to force out us to the third floor. So, we had to approve the apartment and tell her what we wanted fixed. At last, we had our apartment. Finally, it was August and it was time to move. Our original plan was to move everything at once with friends and family, unless August became very bust. One week I went on vacation to Chicago. Then I had to go fishing for four days with my family. Another pass I went ot a friends house, who I met at Boys State, to see a rodeo. My roommate, Nathan, had a wedding ot attend. Nathan worked from eighto clock untill five thirty as a hired hand. I worked a virity of hours at the Dariy Queen usually over lunch and supper, which is when Nathan did not work. By the time we finished playing the messages game, we dicided to take our things to the apartment when we had time to go to Ankeny. Nathan and I had to by at DMACC on the same day for a financial aid seminar. So, we planned to help each other take the thins up to the apartment. Lucky for me he had already taken all of his heavy furniture on a previous visit. I had a hide-a-bed couch, a love seat, a desk, and other smallitems to take up to the apartment.

The Death Penalty is a Necessary Deterrent to Crime Essay -- Exemplifi

The Death Penalty is a Necessary Deterrent to Crime finish and rape are serious crimes, although they arent the only crimes that could be considered serious. Others that might be considered are stealing, which has numerous categories under it such as grand theft auto, etc The spare-time activity story is the true account of a young female named Donna. This story tells of Donnas rape and then her murder by a man named McCorquodale and his friend Leroy. The writer is telling this story in order to create the mental picture of what murder and rape really are.The appellant, after telling Donna how pretty she was, raised his fist and hit her across the face. When she stood up, he grabbed her by her blouse, ripping it off and tied her hands behind her back with a nylon stocking. Then he bound her let loose with tape and a washcloth. Leroy then kicked Donna and she fell to the floor.McCorquodale then had forced intercourse with her. . . Then Leroy had forced intercourse with the victim. . . The victim was then permitted to go to the bathroom to get cleaned up.While she was in the bathroom, McCorquodale secured a piece of nylon rope and told Bonnie, her roommate, that he was going to kill the girl. He hid in a closet across the hall from the bathroom and when Donna came out of the bathroom he wrapped the nylon cord around her neck. Donna screamed, My God, youre killing me. As McCorquodale tried to strangle her, the cord cut into his hands and Donna fell to the floor. He fell on assoil of her and began to strangle her with his bare hands. He removed his hands and the victim began to have convulsions. He again strangled her and then pulled her head up and forward to falling out her neck.After killing her he covered her life... ...rred by the death penalization. In Schonebaum, S.E. (Ed.), Does capital punishment deter crime? (pp. 45-46) San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, Inc.Sowell, T. & DiIulio, J. Jr. (1997) The death penalty is adeterrent. In Winters, P.A.(Ed.), The death penalty opponent view points (pp. 103-107). San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, Inc.Specter, A. (1997) A swifter death penalty would be aneffective deterrent. In Winters, P.A. (Ed.), The death penalty opposing view points (pp. 114-119). San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, Inc.Specter, A. (1998) A swifter death penalty would be aneffective deterrent. In Schonebaum, S.E. (Ed.), Does capital punishment deter crime? (pp. 87-96) San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, Inc.The death penalty will discourage crime (1701). InWinters, P.A. (Ed.), The death penalty opposing view points (pp. 17-20). San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, Inc.

billy Budd By Herman Melville: Captain Vere Essay -- essays research p

"Billy Budd" by Herman Melville Captain VereIn the novella "Billy Budd" by Herman Melville, Captain Vere is the sad hero. he is neither good nor evil, but rather a man whose concept oforder, discipline, and legality forces him to obey the codes of an authority high than himself even though he may be in personal disagreement.     Captain Vere is sailor that is distinctive even in a time of renownedsailors. He has solemn blood in him, but his advancement done the naval ranksto that of captain is due more to his outstanding service and personal meritsthan through any connections that he may have had. He was made a post-captainbecause of his gallantry in the West Indian waters as flag-lieutenant underRodney in that admirals c... billy Budd By Herman Melville Captain Vere Essay -- essays research p "Billy Budd" by Herman Melville Captain VereIn the novella "Billy Budd" by Herman Melville, Captain Vere is the tragic h ero. he is neither good nor evil, but rather a man whose concept oforder, discipline, and legality forces him to obey the codes of an authorityhigher than himself even though he may be in personal disagreement.     Captain Vere is sailor that is distinctive even in a time of renownedsailors. He has noble blood in him, but his advancement through the naval ranksto that of captain is due more to his outstanding service and personal meritsthan through any connections that he may have had. He was made a post-captainbecause of his gallantry in the West Indian waters as flag-lieutenant underRodney in that admirals c...

billy Budd By Herman Melville: Captain Vere Essay -- essays research p

"Billy Budd" by Herman Melville Captain VereIn the novella "Billy Budd" by Herman Melville, Captain Vere is the tragic hero. he is incomplete good nor evil, barely rather a man whose concept oforder, discipline, and legality forces him to obey the codes of an authorityhigher than himself even though he may be in private disagreement.     Captain Vere is sailor that is distinctive even in a time of renownedsailors. He has noble blood in him, tho his advancement by the naval ranksto that of captain is due more to his outstanding service and personal meritsthan through any connections that he may have had. He was made a post-captainbecause of his gallantry in the West Indian waters as flag-lieutenant underRodney in that admirals c... billy Budd By Herman Melville Captain Vere Essay -- essays research p "Billy Budd" by Herman Melville Captain VereIn the novella "Billy Budd" by Herman Melville, Captain Vere is the tragic hero. he is neither good nor evil, but rather a man whose concept oforder, discipline, and legality forces him to obey the codes of an authorityhigher than himself even though he may be in personal disagreement.     Captain Vere is sailor that is distinctive even in a time of renownedsailors. He has noble blood in him, but his advancement through the naval ranksto that of captain is due more to his outstanding service and personal meritsthan through any connections that he may have had. He was made a post-captainbecause of his gallantry in the West Indian waters as flag-lieutenant underRodney in that admirals c...

Medicare Impact on the Health Care System

There are two common procedures done on the digestive system. These procedures are the lap band and stomachal bypass surgery. These procedures are to help people achieve weight loss. There are millions of people who perplex gotten these procedures done through with(predicate)out the United States. However, the results are not always what you expect. Gastric bypass surgery is used to help treat obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, residuum apnea, and a number of other illnesses. From my research I have found that 15% percent of patients suffer complications and 0. % has died within six months of surgery due to complications. deathrate is a danger of stomachal bypass. Anastomotic leakage, the leakage from the surgical connection between the stomach and the bowel, can occur. If it is a minor leak, it can be tempered by antibiotics. However, if the leakage is stark, an additional surgery to stop the leak will be needed. Anastomotic stricture can also occur. While your anastomosis heals, a scar tissue forms. It naturally shrinks over time.The food passing through keeps it stretched. Sometimes it shrinks so much that a gastroendoscope needs to be performed to stretch it buns out This may need to be done numerous times before its corrected. The lap band is used to treat similar illnesses as the gastric bypass does. This procedure also comes with risk. Erosion of the lap band can occur causing it to migrate through the stomach wall. It can cause severe problems such as leakage and bleeding. Urgent treatment is needed if this happens.Slipping of the band can happen as well. This causes the lower part of the stomach to prolapse through the band causing an enlarged upper pouch. This can in some cases cause obstruction and need immediate surgery to correct. The lap band and gastric bypass surgeries sound real good to obese people who want to lose weight fast. My advice is to research every option and weigh out the pros and cons. No minor flaw with your body is wort h running the risk of these dangers happening to you,

King Schahriar and his Brother Essay

1.What kind of man do we enter as we read this business relationship ? In this drool the world is very different to the one we k straight, and also contrasts with the necklace. It could be described as black and white, with no shades of grey. The reason for this is that it is very clear cut, in that respect is no style of getting around things, it is done one way and stays that way. An example of this is the grand-vizir. You have to do what the Sultan says and there is no way of getting round him. This then ties in to the obedience of this world, and absolute ruler. The King is in charge, no one else gets to make decisions, and what he says goes. The King in this story is very strict, but also is clear and talks about the consequences.The grand-vizir is told by the king You will have to take her life yourself. If you ref use up, I swear your channelize shall pay the forfeit., meaning that if he does not do what he is told, he shall die as well. In our country there is no absol ute ruler, there are different levels of hierarchy, which do not stick and can change, unlike in this world where the Sultan will always be a family ingredient and any other person in the kingdom must do what they say. This story is similar to the Necklace as Madame Loisel changes her ways, from being a selfish women, and changing into a person who works hard and is thankful for what she gets. This is the like King Schahriar as he is selfish at first, as he kills everyone, but once he realises that what he is doing is wrong, and he falls in love with Scheherazade, he changes to be a better person.2.What Kind of heroine do we meet in Scheherazade?Scheherazade is smart in the way she asks her father something, she asks him to grant her it to her before she tells him what she would like him to do for her. This shows that Scheherazade is a smart and cunning lady friend, but also k straight off how to get what she wants. In the world which they are living in it is very unusual for a wom en to become the heroine in a patriarchal world. Heroines in the modern world use their visible force to become the heroine. This is unlike Scheherazade who uses her in and self control to become the heroine. Dinazade contrast with her sister very much, she had no particular gifts, and was just a form person.This is a contrast to Scheherazade, as she is clever and courageous in the highest degreebests masters inphilosophy, medicine, history and the fine arts.. She was more beautiful that of any girl in the kingdom of Persia. Scheherazade could be described as the deliverer, she said, I am determined to stop this barbarous practice of the Sultans, and to deliver the girls and mothers from the awful plenty that hangs over them. The reason that she is the deliverer, is that she is willing to put her life on the line to save her kingdom, this also shows that she is very selfless.3. Comment on the following three aspects of the generators use of language, using the exact wording of th e given openings to help you, and making sure you quote in the course of each one.A tell characteristic of the writers language is his use of superlatives, showing a world in which everything is intensified by being pushed to extremes. The writer uses superlatives like her hit excelled that of any girl in the kingdom of Persia. He does this to show that this world only has the extremes, there are no things placed in the middle. Everything that was normal is now extremes, people had to have the finest dresses to be the best and have the most beautiful jewels.Linked to the writers frequent superlatives is his repeated use of balance and antitheses, which creates a sense of things being opposed to each other in very strong ways. The change of the Sultans character is one way of showing the opposites, the Sultan use to be loved and was given blessings. He had now changed and was given curses, this is a quick change from the Sultan and shows antitheses. There is also a contrast betwix t Scheherazade and Dinarzarde, Scheherazade is clever and courageous in the highest degree, whilst Dinarzade had no particular gifts to distinguish her from other girls. This is real and only true in this world as now no one is perfect, some people are better at things and others, this is a balance as one is intelligent and one is the opposite.The speech of Scheherazade is measured, positive and courteous at all times, giving a sense of a character who is polite and has self control. Scheherazade politely says to her father, I have a esteem to ask of you.Will you grant it to me?. By asking her father to give and answer before she says what it is shows, that she is intelligent and cunning. She can also be strong in what she means, Then listen, she goes on to show composure, even when she is talking about death that could be brought upon her.Scheherazade could be described as a very persuasive girl, as she always knows the right way to say something so that she can get what she wha ts. It is you who have to provide the Sultan daily with a fresh wife, and I supplicate you, by all the the affection you bear me, to allow the honour to fall upon me. Scheherazade uses word and phrases like implore and by all the affection you bear me.

Ups Case Study

UV0906 UNITED PARCEL SERVICE OF AMERICA, INC. United Parcel Service of America, Inc. (UPS) had grown spectacularly from its humble beginning in 1907, when 19-year-old Jim Casey borrowed $100 to start a messenger and homedelivery service for Seattle department ancestrys. By 2007, UPS had become a international usual c all(prenominal)er-up, with a market cap of $74 one billion million million, much than 428,000 employees, $47 trillion in revenue, and operations in more than 200 countries. A recognized leader among divided upelivery companies, its growth had been above industry aver hop ons and had historically been through geographical expansion.In 1998, UPS changed its product line model to synchronized Commerce and adopted a newbornborn growth strategy it called the quartet Quadrant model. UPS had hoped to expand its market space from $90 billion to $3. 2 trillion by transforming itself into a logistics-solutions political party. But eight years after these changes, UPS was generating only 17% of its revenue from its nonpackage deliveries, with only $2 million of its direct profit coming from the new seames. In the comp eachs 2006 Annual Report, UPS Chairman and CEO microphone Eskew acknowledged the disappointing results and realized that these results required a response to the public market.Growth History Store mends One can look at the growth of UPS over the past 100 years as an reiterative geographical expansion. UPS began as an intracity business in Seattle in 1907, and had expanded to Oakland, California, by 1919. Over the next 58 years, UPS established stores across the United States, opening its rootage one in New York City in 1930. In this manner, UPS extended its service through its new locations just like any expanding retailer and, in the process, became an intercity package deliverer.This case was prep atomic number 18d by Edward D. Hess, Professor and Batten Executive-in-Residence. It was written as a basis for class discussion r ather than to illustrate sound or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. It was adapted from Professor Hesss chapter on UPS in The Search for Organic Growth, ed. Hess and Kazanjian (New York Cambridge University Press, 2006). Copyright 2007 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. every last(predicate) rights reserved.To order copies, send an e-mail to emailprotected com. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any call backselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the permission of the Darden School Foundation. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia alert (emailprotected com) on November 12, 2012 -2- UV0906 The companys geographical expansion went international in 1975, when UPS opened a store in Ontario, Canada.European expansion began in 1976, with a new store in Dusseldorf, Germany. UPS then expanded continually throughout the world the Asia-Pacific region in 1988, and Latin America in 1989. By 1995, the company had entered China, its last untapped market. Customer evolution From its beginning, in 1907, UPS operated for 46 years as an intracity delivery business, transporting packages from large department stores to customers homes. Then the company expanded, providing residential deliveries for other types of businesses and later for business deliveries.Changes in the American lifestyle and shopping patterns that emerged with the creation of suburbs, regional malls, and an interstate high elbow room system forced the company to go in a new direction. UPS responded to the changes in demographics, transportation, and customer needs by transforming itself, first-class honours degree, into a national delivery company and, ultimately, in the 1990s, into a global delivery company. The company broadened its customer storey farther by delivering more than 50% of the packages that customers boug ht over the Internet.By 2007, the companys customer base included all types and sizes of businesses, from Dell Computer to the individual entrepreneur selling products on the Internet. UPSs 2006 worldwide revenues of $47 billion were derived primarily from package and document deliveries. From 2002 to 2007, the company expanded the scope of its services under its Synchronized Commerce model to provide freight forwarding, customs clearance, inventory commission, pick and pack, export financing, and customer returns and repairs. Company Growth The growth of UPS can be illustrated beaver by its revenue growth, from $29. billion in 2000 to more than $47 billion in 2006. The companys operating model produced operating margins that were the best in the industry. As shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3, UPS averaged 12% annual growth over the past decade and generated an average return on equity in excess of 20%. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (emailprotected com) on November 12, 2012 -3Ta ble 1. UPS operating results. (in billions of dollars) 2006 Revenue Operating margins Net income CFFO $47. 6 14. 0% $ 4. 2 $ 5. 6 2005 $42. 6 14. 4% $ 3. $ 5. 8 2004 $36. 6 13. 6% $ 3. 3 $ 5. 3 2003 $33. 5 13. 3% $ 2. 9 $ 4. 6 UV0906 2002 $31. 3 13. 5% $ 3. 2 $ 5. 7 Table 2. Revenue in 2006 by fraction. U. S. domestic packages International packages Supply mountain chain and freight 64% 19% 17% Table 3. Operating profit (loss). 2006 U. S. domestic packages International packages Supply chain and freight UPS Operations Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, UPS had more than 428,000 employees worldwide, of whom more than 248,000 worked under union agreements. UPS was a vertically integrated company.For example, it operated the worlds eighthlargest airline, which employed more than 2,800 pilots and well-kept a fleet of 600 jets. Flying more than 1,900 flight segments to more than 800 airports around the world, UPS airplanes moved more than four million packages and documents daily. The company delivered more than 15. 6 million packages a day and was the Internets largest fulfillment source. And it delivered those 15. 6 million packages on time 99% of the timeand defect-free. UPS also operated one of the largest truck fleets in the United States, with more than 94,000 vehicles. $4. B $1. 7B $2M 2005 $4. 5B $1. 5B $156M 2004 $3. 7B $1. 1B $138M 2003 $3. 7B $. 7B $56M 2002 $3. 9B $. 3B ($167M) Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (emailprotected com) on November 12, 2012 -4- UV0906 In its role as a large technology and tele communication theory company, UPS operated the largest DB2 data base in the world, with 412 terabytes of dynamic memory. Its mainframe capacity allowed for the transmission of more than 22,000,000 instructions per second. UPS had more than 4,700 employees in its technology unit. In addition, the company operated the worlds largest phone system.Its meandering(a) radio network transmitted more than three million packets of tracking data each day one example of the vastness of the scale of its communications was that UPS received more than 145 million hits per business day on its Web site, with 252 million hits on peak days. The enormous size of the company was further illustrated by its Worldport technology and package hub, based in Louisville, Kentucky. This automated airport and package-sorting center comprised four million square feet, the equivalent of 80 football fields, and urbane some 1,200,000 packages a night during a four-hour period.UPS was expanding its Worldport facility by adding a nonher 1. 1 million square feet to increase its hourly capacity by 20%. Employees The companys 85,000 drivers held esteemed positions in the company. The average tenure of a driver was 16 years, and driver turnover was less than 2% a year. junction drivers could earn up to $70,000 a year. Senior drivers received nine weeks paid annual leave, and 100% of their health-insurance premiums were paid by the company. With more than one-t hird of its employees from minority groups, UPS had a diverse workforce. More than 25% of the companys U. S. anagers were also members of minority groups. Women represented 27% of its U. S. management police squad and 21% of its overall workforce. More than 70% of its full-time managers had been promoted from within. The companys promote-from-within policy and employee-centric refinement were further illustrated by the fact that more than 50% of its full-time drivers had started as part-timers. At less than 6%, annual employee turnover at UPS was low. Long tenures and low turnover permeated the company, from its front-line employees to its district managers to its 12person executive squad. The average tenure for district managers was 14 years.The superior management team averaged 30 years of service. Eleven of the twelve executives, including one woman and one African American, had spent their entire working lives at UPS. Interestingly, 75% of its vice hot seats had started at UPS in nonmanagement positions, and nine of the twelve members of the senior management team had only an undergraduate college degree. And no one in management had an MBA from a top-ranked business school. virtually had gone to such public colleges as Purdue, Delta State, Portland State, Rutgers, and the University of Illinois. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (emailprotected om) on November 12, 2012 -5- UV0906 Kurt Kuehn, a member of the senior management team and senior vice president of Sales and Marketing, stated, Most senior managers like me began at UPS as part-timers in college or as package sorters or assistants. We loved it, and we stayed. UPS became a public company in 1999, in the largest IPO in the history of the New York Stock Exchange. By 2007, about half of UPS stock was owned by its current and antecedent employees and their families. Customer Reach Yes, UPS was big and UPS was global. It made more than 15 million deliveries daily to approximately eight mill ion customers.Its customer-contact points included 4,400 UPS stores in the United States, 1,400 global Mail Boxes Etc. stores, 1,000 UPS customer centers, 15,000 UPS authorized outlets, and 40,000 UPS drop boxes. Measurements UPS was focused on efficiency and productivity measurements and, in 2007, spent more than $10 billion incorporate its processes and technology to make the company a real-time 24/7, 365-day operation. Behind every driver were the sophisticated technology and operations-support team that tracked the exact location of any package or document anywhere, anytime. On a daily basis, UPS organized every part of its logistics chain for maximum efficiency, down to the order in which packages were thin outed on vans. Using technology, UPS created routes daily that eliminated left-hand turns, saving driving time, millions of gallons of fuel, and fuel costs annually. In September 2003, UPS unveiled a new technology system designed to improve customer service and provide gr eater internal efficiency. This new system was expected to reduce mileage by more than 100 million miles and save the company almost 14 million gallons of fuel annually.In addition, the new system featured advanced tools allowing UPS to analyze and edit exonerate plans in order to optimize delivery routes and times. We have a saying at UPS, verbalise Kurt Kuehn. In God we trust everything else we measure. Another important gene in the UPS recipe for success was its engineering process and measurement mentality. UPS deliberate everything CO2 emissions, the time it took to wash a windshield, the pace a driver infallible to walk to a customers house, the most efficient way to start a package vans ignition, the optimal way to load a package van, and the optimal daily delivery routes.Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (emailprotected com) on November 12, 2012 -6- UV0906 In 1921, founder Jim Casey hired the first industrial engineer to do efficiency time and motion studies. Casey started UPS on a path of process engineering that, over the years, developed into a powerful operations-research division. The division spent its first 87 years internally focused on measuring everything that could be measured, such as studying, modeling, and simulating the movements of mess, conveyor belts, and packages.For example, UPS developed 340 methods for drivers to follow to increase their efficiency and go through safety. This measurement mentality taught everyone to pay attention to the details and the little things that could threaten safety and impede on-time delivery. Another example of the passion for measurement was the way UPS measured its managers. The company used a balanced scorecard and published 16 UPS key performance indicators for the economics, social, and environmental areas. UPS measured water consumption, ground-network fuel efficiency, and global aircraft emissions.The procedure of this measure-everything mentality was expressed by Jim Holsen, vice p resident of Engineering, who said, Were never satisfied with the way things are, if they can be improved. This measurement compulsiveness did not mean that UPS was a micromanaged, rigid, robotic work luff where every action was dictated by best practices. UPS overcame that tendency through its performance farming of paying its people well, holding everyonefrom the package sorter to the CEOto the same high standards, and being a predominantly employeeowned company.In 1942, strong controls were offset by local autonomy from the districtmanager level when drivers were given the power and allowance to do what was needed to serve customers. As Jim Casey said, Each local manager is in charge of his district. We motive him to look upon it exactly as if it were his own business. We want him to solve his problems in his own way. Culture The Essence of UPS To understand how UPS had continued to grow its business over a 100-year period while avoiding the common death spiral of corporate arrogance, hubris, and insularity, it was important to understand the UPS culture and the UPS operations-research mentality.Both were so integrated and intertwined that they were a seamless whole. And both were continually perpetuated at UPS through stories, processes, measurement systems, human-resource policies, and leadership. Jim Casey create UPS over a 50-year period with a distinct and well- delimitate culture that embraced the values of integrity, quality, haughtiness, respect, stewardship, partnership, equality, and humility. To understand UPS meant understanding Casey, a man who went to work at the age of 9 because his father was ill, and who founded UPS at 19.Casey was a self-made success who rose above his humble background but never forgot his roots, treating every individual and employee with the dignity and respect he felt each deserved. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (emailprotected com) on November 12, 2012 -7- UV0906 Casey often wrote and spoke about the t ype of company UPS should be and the values it needed to foster. He left his imprint on UPS through the values that were taught to every new employee.UPS executives believed it was their duty to make sure those values, those ways of doing business, and those ways of taking fretfulness of employees continued. They did not want the UPS culture to change or offend on their watch. The richness of the UPS culture was evidenced by the Employee Policy Manual, which every employee received, and the compendium of Caseys speeches in the companys book Legacy of Leadership. These speeches proved that Casey wanted to build a business where employees took pride in working for a company that conducted business as an outstanding corporate citizen.The UPS culture was multifaceted A performance culture with partneurial mutuality of accountability, regardless of position A constant challenge-and-be-critical and be-better culture described as constructive dissatisfaction An employee-centric owners hip culture with executives as stewards of the business Mutual accountability Kurt Kuehn described the UPS culture A culture of mutual accountability. Everyone is accountable to everyone else for performancedoing whats right and doing it well. And he added, With our measurement system, we try to take personalities and politics out of judging performance. At UPS, the CEO was as accountable to his employees as they were to him. And in response to this, CEO Mike Eskew had a special telephone installed in his office so that any UPS employee could call him directly at any time. This mutual accountability was partneurial because employees were viewed as partners. In fact, most were actual owners of the business. This mutual accountability bred a more egalitarian culture that discouraged and devalued arrogance, hubris, or self-aggrandizement. For example, all of the top 12 executives at UPS had offices on the fourth floor instead of the top floor of the headquarters building.All the execu tives had offices of the same size, and almost all shared senior administrative assistants. These executives were not provided with limos or drivers. UPS did not own a corporate jet. Executives flew commercial and followed the same travel policies as other employees. There was no executive dining room. It was rare to see Italian suits, French cuffs, or made-to-order shirts on the fourth floor. For the most part, 11 of the 12 executives had held several contrasting positions as they worked their way up the corporate ladder.The UPS culture frowned on self-marketing, and the company worked hard every day to continue the values and ideals put in place by Jim Casey. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (emailprotected com) on November 12, 2012 -8- UV0906 When asked to describe the UPS mutual-performance culture, Kuehns choice of the word relentless said it all about the passion at UPS. inexorable improvement UPS was relentless about improving and worked at a problem until it was solve d. By emphasizing the detailsthe blocking and tackling of the businessthe company focused on the processes of efficiency and productivity.This iterative learning culture was illustrated by Casey, who, when he started the business, wrote to more than 100 delivery companies across the United States to ask them how they made a profit. He reported, We found no singular idea that was really revolutionary. It seemed to be a matter of learning as we went along, and that is about all that we have done. 1 The UPS culture was about the relentless pursuit of constant, incremental improvement. It was about how the company could be faster, smarter, and more efficient. This led to the rewarding and honoring of constructive dissatisfaction.Dissent, inquiry, questioning, challenging, and critiquing were all valued and support because they helped UPS improve. The company took the long-term approach. For instance, it took the international-operations division 28 years to become profitable. UPS was l ike the little engine that could, working at a problem or a process incrementally and iteratively until it was improved. Stewardship The third strong aspect of the UPS culture was the partneurial, employee-centric ownership and leader-stewardship that helped everyone in the company achieve their potential. According to Casey, One measure of your success will be he degree to which you build up others who work with you. While building up others, you will build up yourself. 2 Casey continued Good management is not just organization. It is an attitude inspired by the will to do right. Good management is taking a sincere interest in the social welfare of the people you work with. It is the ability to make people feel that you and they are the companynot merely employees. 3 On the subject of future leaders, Casey said Who will those leaders be? They will be people who now, today, are forging aheadnot speculating or with fanfare but modestly and quietly.They are the plain, simple people who are doing their best in their present jobs with us, whatever those jobs may happen to be. Such people will not fail us when called 1 2 UPS archives, 1947. UPS archives, 1945. 3 UPS archives, 1944. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (emailprotected com) on November 12, 2012 -9- UV0906 on for bigger things. It is for them, our successors, to remember that all the glamour, romance, and success we have in our business at any stage of its existence must be the product of years of benefiting from the work of many devoted people.And there can be no glamour, no romance, and no truly great success unless it is shared by all. 4 The employee-centric culture of UPS was further evidenced by the following Promotion-from-within policies and actions Employee stock-ownership plans Diversity programs Employee education programs local anaesthetic employees working in international operations Employee internal free-agent program allowing any UPS employee to move anywhere in the company an d advanceCasey believed in and acted on the policy that it was the employees and not the executives who made a company successful, and UPS believed it had an obligation to share its success fairly with those who made it happen. The three aspects of the UPS culturemutual accountability, constructive dissatisfaction, and employee-centric policies and ownershipwere the foundation of the UPS way of doing business. Integrated into these cultural values and policies were operations research and a measurement mentality.But an important part of UPS was its corporate heart. Two examples of corporate citizenship at UPS stood out. In 1968, at the height of the civil-rights movement in the United States, the company began a diversity-awareness program that was unique in corporate America. Calling it the Community Internship Program, UPS placed more than 1,200 senior managers in inner city or Appalachian environments. These employees spent several weeks working in soup kitchens, homeless shelte rs, and other community-service facilities.UPS also issued an Annual integrated Sustainability Report. More than 80 pages long, this report detailed how UPS balanced its economic success with social and environmental objectives and how it measured its performance. To that end, for five years running, UPS and its employees made up the largest segment of contributors to the U. S. United Way Campaign, contributing more than $57 million in 2005 alone. 4 UPS archives, 1957. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (emailprotected com) on November 12, 2012 -10Cultural Fit in Hiring UV0906UPS hired people who fit into its culture and its iterative improvement and measurement workplace. The people who UPS avoided hiring were those who wanted a fast track to the top. Instead, UPS looked for candidates who wanted to be part of a team that was the best at what it did and who loved the blocking and tackling of team business. The payoff for a job well done was the opportunity for a career of profe ssional and fix development. New Business Model and Strategy When UPS ran out of geographical areas in which to grow, at least three things could have happened.First, it could have hit the growth environ and plateaued. Second, it could have tried to sell new, complementary services to its existing customer base. And third, it could have made a major diversification move through an acquisition. In 1998, the company picked the second option when it announced it would provide Synchronized Commerce solutions for its customer base. Synchronized Commerce expanded UPSs market space, and CEO Mike Eskew declared, Our new mission is ambitious. It propels us from a $90-billion market into a $3. -trillion market. In effect, Synchronized Commerce allowed UPS to sell more products and services to its existing customers. To effectuate this model, UPS acquired nearly 30 service providers with expertise in such different areas of Synchronized Commerce as freight forwarding, customer clearing, exp ort financing, fulfillment services, and customer returns and repairs. Eskew defined Synchronized Commerce as the coordinated and efficient movement of goods, information, and financing along the supply and distribution chain.This change was huge, as it not only challenged the UPS sales force, but also changed the focus of the companys operations-research division. Rather than focusing exclusively on improving efficiency and productivity, the focus shifted to a consulting group that exchange those skills to UPS customers. Four Quadrant Model UPS did not stop at its Synchronized Commerce initiative. Eskew also codified and explained UPSs organic-growth strategy to UPS employees and to Wall Street. He named this new strategy the Four Quadrant Model, based on the University of North Carolina basketball teams use of the four-quadrant offense.He stated, We will call our offense for innovation The Four Quadrants, which focuses on innovating existing business operations internally and e xternally and likewise focuses innovation on new entrepreneurial ventures both internally and externally. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (emailprotected com) on November 12, 2012 -11- UV0906 The Four Quadrant Model reemphasized the long-standing principle at UPS of maintaining the core while seeking to grow new revenue sources. UPS was adamant that it could not fail in servicing its core business and that it had to keep adding services to its existing service model.Kurt Kuehn explained The more value we can add for our customers on top of or within our existing business model, the more value we will create for our customers and for UPS. He added, Our organic-growth strategy is simple it is the business model. The entrepreneurial activities at UPS were internally and externally driven by its venturecapital fund and alliances with universities and partners. UPS understood that it would have a high failure rate, but worked to manage the risks so that much could be learned ra pidly and at a low cost.Results of New Business Model In the fourth quarter of 2006, UPS initiated a restructuring plan for its forwarding and logistics operations, including a reduction in nonoperating staff of approximately 1,400 people. And how had the new model done? It had produced only $2 million in operating profit. Eskew knew that these disappointing results required a response to the public market, so he acknowledged the situation The Supply Chain and Freight segment produced disappointing results 2006 brought a sharper focus in our logistics business.Simply, all supply chain solutions must meet two criteria. One, they must be limited to the transportation network, and two, they must be repeatable, and that is, able to be used by a number of customers simultaneously. 5 Still, the new business model had raised some interesting questions. 5 2006 UPS Annual Report. Purchased by carlos manuel Garcia Gay (emailprotected com) on November 12, 2012

Phobias and Addiction Paper

Phobias and Addiction PSY 300 October 22, 2012 Phobias and Addiction Learning a manner is gaining knowledge or skills through experience, practice, or teach. For example, most people learn to wake up at the sound of an alarm clock. Through the operation of conditioning, he or she awakens at the sound of the alarm. The alarm becomes the signal to start the day. Often what happens is that some people condition themselves to awaken at the same time every day without even hearing the alarm.In the late nineteenth century Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, was the first to systematically study classical conditioning (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Classical conditioning is a process when a neutral stimulus brings forth a reaction corresponding with a stimulus that automatically brings forth that reaction (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Pavlov efficaciously produced a conditioned reaction in dogs to a specific stimulus in systematically planned procedure (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Produced in a similar process be phobic neurosiss, addictions, and the process of experimental extinction.The following considers how phobias develop through classical conditioning, how addictions develop through operant conditioning, how these two types of conditioning differ, and finally covering the process of extinction and how it is achieved in both types of conditioning. Classical and Operant Conditioning Classical and Operant conditioning are processes in which the brain connects and understands different things. Both depend on the modifications that arise in behaviors when derived from the setting or the behavior itself and necessitate a systematic process.Classical and operant conditioning, otherwise known as associative learning, developed from the behaviorist perspective (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Both procedures share common features much(prenominal) as extinction, prepared learning, discrimination, generalization, and the possibility of maladaptive associations (Kowalski & Wes ten, 2011, p. 193). In classical conditioning the stimulus that gives off a reflexive response is substituted with a different stimulus (Kowalski & Westen, 2011).In operant conditioning the preferred behavior sequels according to consequences whether positively or negatively reinforced making that behavior occur more or less frequently (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). It is through these processes that some humans develop phobias and addictions. Phobias through Classical Conditioning According to Kowalski & Westen, (2011), a phobia is an irrational fear of a specific object or situation (p. 167). When someone reacts to this irrational fear, his or her response is extreme anxiety such as hyperventilating, increased heart rate, extreme emotions, and sometimes fainting (Kowalski & Westen, 2011).A famous example of the creation of phobias in classical conditioning occurred during the Little Albert experiment conducted by washstand Watson and Rosalie Rayners (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). For ex ample, though Albert did not initially fear white rats, when a loud noise occered with the white rat the conditioned response became fear (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). This created a phobia of white rats and other objects used during the experiment (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). For Albert, classical conditioning created these behaviors.Addictions through operant Conditioning Another difficult and often destructive behavior is addiction. The results of addictions mickle often be poor health, disease, crime, mental illness, and even death. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), (2012), addiction is defined as is a condition in which the body must have a drug to avoid physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms (Addictions). The drug to an addict is not always a subject it is sometimes an activity such as gambling, sex, or eating.Addiction is often associated with operant conditioning (Antczak,2011). A person has natural survival methods, the pleasure or ail respons e, which either causes the feeling of pleasure when the action is to survive or pain in the actions that decrease to chance of survival (Antczak,2011). These responses occur as a result of the release of neurotransmitters in the brain (Antczak,2011). Pathways form in the brain and neurotransmitters reinforce them with the experience of pleasure or pain (Antczak,2011).Using drugs for example often result in both pleasure and pain responses. Initially the drug creates the feeling of pleasure. This high can cause the person to seek out this altered state consequently creating an addiction. After the high an addict often experiences ill feelings or pain. Often, the addict will seek out those feelings of pleasure to avoid the pain and distress when they are not using the addictive substance. This pattern of a connection between behavior and consequence is operant conditioning (Antczak,2011).Extinction In classical conditioning learn responses can be extinguished, which is the process o f extinction (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). After extinction, recovery is often short term. Extinction initially weakens the remaining association to the learned response, but extinction does not occur unless the reactions of consistent. For example, a parent seeks to have his or her child fall slumberous on their own at night and at last succeeds aft(prenominal) having the child cry to sleep on his or her own for a period of time.If this process is consistently repeated, the child eventually will fall asleep on his or her own. After some time, if one parent rushes to the child when he or she cries, the parent will once again struggle to wee-wee the child to fall asleep in his or her own and fail to extinguish the behavior. According to Kowalski & Westen, (2011) extinction in operant conditioning occurs if enough trials sound in which the operant is not followed by the consequence previously associated with it (p. 78). If the behavior does not emit either a positive or negative con sequence, eventually the behavior will not occur (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Conclusion Associative learning covers both classical and operant conditioning and both succeed in a number of settings. To maintain positive behaviors sustain and reinforce connections or extinction ultimately will occur. People learn from experience, and associations made and the resulting behaviors have a knock-down(a) influence in the brain.Some associations result in phobias or addictions and although extinction can occur, the process of changing a response is difficult. Classical and operant conditioning result people to survive, thrive, and adjust to a continually changing situation.References American Psychological Association. (2012). Retrieved from http//www. apa. org/topics/addiction/index. aspx Antczak, A. (2011). Yahoo voices. Retrieved from http//voices. yahoo. com/classical-operant-conditioning-phobias-addictions-10159457. html Kowalski, R. , & Westen, D. (2011). Psychology(6th ed. ). Hoboke n, NJ Wiley.

Evolution of Gender Essay

The evolution of gender issues ever since man can remember, when most societies used to check wo custody as inferior to men. It is no secret that from the first century up to the 21st century women roles have changed with time although the change is minimal. In not languish time ago, women were regarded by customary law as people who used to take up their roles as wives and matters subserviently and any deviation that a cleaning lady showed from these roles was unheard off and was considered an outcast in the society.After the world wars, education, politics, warfare, business and other form of force-out were territories of men, a few women joined men in these venture. The society looked these women with amazement and wonder. Early the 1950s and 60s change started hitting the world especi each(prenominal)y in the Chinese environment where women became advocates of women empowerment. (Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana,2004). In the 1970s and 80s women started taking their roles ser iously enabling them to evolve very fast.Women confronted mens duties with a lot of courage and men started accepting the circumstance that women wanted to carry out the roles. Although some men gave women cruel attention but they have persevered and gone ahead with the quest for change in the roles. Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy (Tuana Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana,2004). The pass about women regarded as wives and mothers who are incapable of bringing any change in the society have been brushed aside by many countries well-favored women top most jobs in the country.England and Pakistan have shown the way which shows that today in England and Pakistan women are almost equal to men in terms of respect and all aspects. Women are now free to take up riles which were previously considered a dominance by men. But one thing extends clear that innate equality will not be achieved since it is not easy to kill the illusion that women are inferior to men (KateChopin. org. ,2008) Matters such as education, politics, warfare, business, and almost anything non-domestic were the territories of men where only a few and daring women ever ventured.However, as times changed more and more women became advocates of women empowerment. In relation to this, the writer wishes to state that the purpose of this composing is to present a work regarded as one of the pioneers in feminist literature. Women evolution is not only a core element of development in the world today but also a strong indication of strong families. Women empowerment puts wealth in the hands of women which enables these women to be able to postdate in ensuring their families are successive.The development of women in the societies is proving to be failing in some countries with backward leadership such as Zimbabwe and development will remain lagged behind. Statistics show an upward trend for change of roles of women in the society at a whole. Although change is not such effective it is felt. Statistics demo nstrate that in Europe, Africa, Asia, the States actually there is evolution in the way women are viewed. Although in some rural areas there are alarming number of domestic violence instances reported and they relate to ability or the demand for women to be empowered.In the late 1800 significant events occurred which changed the roles of women in the society. One of such event was first foreign womens conference which was held in France in 1892 which highlighted the achievements of women and their rights. Since then women have achieved much in trying to change their lives. In the story of Silk Road of china relating to women skill of growth there has been change of women roles especially entry into the business world although some are being used into the business circles as objects. (KateChopin.org,2008 and Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana,2004)Works CitedChopin, Kate. The bosh of an Hour. www. pbs. org Public Broadcasting Service. 14 Jun 2008 . Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuan a. Topics in Feminism. plato. stanford. edu 15 March 2004. Stanford University. 14 Jun 2008 . KateChopin. org, Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour. www. katechopin. org. 2008. Kate Chopin International Society. 14 Jun 2008 .

Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom Essay

The Board of Education and Administration of Holland Elementary School corroborate agreed on a decision that leave behind come into burden at the beginning of the F on the whole 2013 inculcate year. As well as introducing many of our freshly acquired teachers to the schoolrooms, we will also introduce a new mawkish intelligence that our bookmans have never experienced before. This will come in the form of golemic instructors who will assist our current teachers with their work and teach other lessons on their own. This may come as a shock to some, but I am extremely confident in this decision. Artificial intelligence coming to the classroom this year will have a positive imp effect on our school system with increased teaching strategy to achieve a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) level of bring outing.Robots with artificial intelligence teaching students in the classroom is something that may seem to some like a science fiction fantasy, but the earth of the matter is that auto matonic helpers, teachers, and playmates are part of a booming technology that has already started flourishing in other countries. Articles from the New York Times have informed us on the hundreds of robots South Korea has already hired to assist teachers, and teach certain subjects on their own (Benedict Carey and John Markoff Students, Meet Your New Teacher, Mr. Robot paratrooper 10). The robots they make use of are usually computer screened faces with bodies that have builds and legs, allowing them to be entirely mobile on their own. The robots use motion tracking and speech recognition to act human like. This makes them able to engage race in conversation, play games, complete simple tasks, and teach simple skills to others (Carey and Markoff paratrooper 8).Adam Sneed, a researcher for The rising Tense Program explains in his article Coming Soon to a Kindergarten Classroom Robot Teachers how robots give realistic human-like responses to favorable cues given by people in their surroundings (Para 6). They also understand the concept of personal space, and when approaching people, they realise to stop before anyones personal space is invaded (Carey and Markoff, Para 19). The robots are programmed to act as if they have feelings similar to those of children. If the robot is damaged purposely by the students, it will begin to cry. Children react to this by feeling very non-white and backing off right a representation. If the robot continues to cry, the students offer it peace as they would with another child. Experiments that have rendern this in the past are a display of the ardent bond students can make with the robots (Carey and Markoff Para 25). Robots with artificial intelligence can engage children through many ways that are subconscious to humans.They hold shopping centre contact with the children and use physical rhythm to stay involved with them. For font, if a child is swaying from side to side, the robot will start to sway as well. The robots reflect the children as a game to connect with them, gain their friendship, and build a sense of trust. If a student lifts his or her arm, the robot will lift their arm as well. The robots will also play vise-versa, letting the children mimic their moves (Carey and Markoff Para 4). Robots also show a large understanding of tasks that are explained to them. In a study through with(p) at the Georgia Institute of Technology, a robot was told where certain objects belong in a classroom and then was instructed to put them all away. When the robot came across a toy that it was unsure about, it stared at the toy in hesitation to pick it up. The robots instructor asked if it had any questions, and the robot replied by asking where the toy belongs. When it was explained that the green toy belongs in the green bin, the robot nodded its head, put the toy in the bin, and said makes sense (Carey and Markoff Para 45-47).This is an example of how the robots that will be incorporated into our classrooms can expand their knowledge and learn from the students to help them improve their teaching. Artificial intelligence is such a large benefit to our students because of all the good teaching qualities the robots have been programmed with that not all human teachers possess. These qualities include encouraging, non-judgmental, infinitely patient, and comforting. Our robots would never get mad at a student for something, and they will never yell at a student or make his or her feel bad for thinking incorrectly. James Marshall Crotty, co-founder/ Aristotelian publisher of Monk Magazine has recorded in his article Why Kids Prefer Robots to Teachers and Parents that students feel more welcomed and accepted because of this, allowing them to feel more room for guilt-free error. This will eliminate the social boundaries that often keep students from being creative so they will be able to be themselves with much more confidence and learn in a more proficient mind set (Forbes P ara 7).Robots are able to detect when children are not engaged in the learning, and they are also able to understand signals that children subconsciously put out when they are confused or have a question they are waiting to ask, in which case the robot would offer them the chance to ask their question (Carey and Markoff Para 52). These are all very important skills that are necessary for an instructor to have. The new robots will be an extraordinary help to our special education program which includes mostly students with Attention Deficit Disorder and Autism. Sneed explains how robots will help our students learn social and cognitive skills in a way that is less intimidating to them than through human contact.At times when children with Autism are shy and will not lead with other people, the robots are able to bring them out of their shell and teach them social skills (Para 5). The robots also provide the students with certain therapies that help their disabilities such as instan t tasks and imitation. The robots are able to keep any student on task just as efficiently, if not more than human teachers, which is something that will benefit everyone (Carey and Markoff Para 20). Robots are especially good at teaching subjects such as foreign language. In a study performed at the University of Southern California, a robot was used to teach the Finnish language to a group of preschool students.It would pick up objects and say what they were in Finnish, and use productive teaching strategies such as games and repetition to help the children retain the information. When the study was finished, all of the words taught by the robot were significantly imbedded into the childrens memories, while the words they learned from multimedia tapes or other sources were not embedded well at all. This is due to the cognitive engagement, patience, and hikement the robots provide for the preschoolers. Many different experiments such as this one show that robots teaching strategie s impact students at about the same level as human teaching strategies (Carey and Markoff Para 21-24).Experiments are performed all over the world by many different specialists who study robotics, and anyone can see, their data concludes that artificial intelligence has a positive influence on the learning levels in a classroom. Specialists have also taken into account the feelings of children who have had the opportunity for artificial intelligence to become a part of their lives. Studies reported by Crotty show that a majority of students are pleased to have a robot to study and play with (Para 2). Robots are able to make games out of childrens homework, and the knowledge they gain from their assignments is pictured as fun, giving them incentive to get their work done as well as possible. This is very helpful, especially for children who are discouraged in school and have low self-efficacy (Crotty Para 4).The robots are viewed by the children as friends and as very helpful compan ions. A quote from an article by Rendeiro Fonesca in unite Academics Magazine brings us into the life of a boy who had artificial intelligence assisting him at home as well as in school When I get home, my robot helps me with my homework. My mother and father came in and said no video games now, homework first, but when they saw that I was already finished and had done everything correctly, they were glad that I had made friends with the robot. It could do everythingplay soccer, build Legos, read, do math, write, and all the movements a person can make. Since my parents really are always at work a lot, they cant always help me or play with me or cook something. Now the robot helps them with that. Boy, 9, Germany. (Fonseca Robots in the Classroom Para 4)According to this article, children see their robots as reassuring, helpful, encouraging, and as a very big influence to help them with their learning. They often feel more comfortable being their honest selves around the robots tha n they do with a teacher they are unfamiliar with, which helps to be creative in their work when the robots are around (Fonseca Para 10). They also encourage children to be proud of themselves, which gives them incentive to show their parents and human teachers how well they are doing with the instruction given by the robots (Crotty Para 6).While we understand that robots teaching children in the classroom is viewed as unnatural by many, we ask for your cooperation to please understand the significant advancement in technology that has occurred in the past ten years. In Crottys article, he also explains how technology is viewed through the eyes of children as something very human. It is a major part of our culture, and young students dont know of any life deprived of the conveniences technology has given us (Para 4). Robots seem strange and unfamiliar to us, but every new technology appears this way when it is first introduced.The introduction of artificial intelligence to the Frenc htown Elementary School District will lower our budget by decreasing the amount we will be paying in teacher salary. It will bring new learning opportunities to our children, open up a new kind of culture into our lives, and provide subtile assistance to our special education teachers, as well as general classroom lessons. With this addition to our curriculum, the administration hopes to achieve higher state testing scores, and higher overall levels of learning and motivation.Works CitedCarey, Benedict, and John Markoff. Students, Meet Your New Teacher, Mr. Robot. The New York Times. The New York Times, 11 July 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2012Crotty, James Marshall. Why Kids Prefer Robots To Teachers And Parents. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 03 Feb. 2012. Web. 26 Oct. 2012.Fonseca Rendeiro, Mark. Robots in the Classroom. United Academics Connect Science and Society. UA Magazine, 22 Jan. 2012. Web. 26 Oct. 2012.Sneed, Adam. Coming Soon to a Kindergarten Classroom Robot Teachers. Slate. The Slate Group, 6 Aug. 2012. Web. 26 Oct. 2012.

The Twilight Saga 2: New Moon Chapter 14 FAMILY

I COWERED INTO JACOBS SIDE, MY EYES SCANNING the forest for the other(a) werewolves. When they appe a flushed, striding step up from between the trees, they werent what I was expecting. Id gotten the image of the wolves stuck in my target. These were bonnie four true(a)ly big half-naked boys.Again, they reminded me of brothers, quadruplets. Something approximeatly the way they moved about in synchronization to carry a ford the road from us, the way they tout ensemble had the same long, round muscles under the same red-brown skin, the same cropped pitch-black hair, and the way their expressions altered at exactly the same moment.They started out curious and cautious. When they byword me there, half-hidden be lieu Jacob, they tout ensemble became furious in the same second.surface-to-air missile was still the biggest, though Jacob was getting close to catching up with him. surface-to-air missile didnt really count as a boy. His face was oldernot in the sense of lines or c onsecrates of aging, but in the matunry, the patience of his expression.What have you d bingle, Jacob? he demanded.One of the others, unitary I didnt recognizeJared or capital of Minnesotathrust past surface-to-air missile and spoke before Jacob could defend himself.Why merchantmant you just follow the rules, Jacob? he yelled, throwing his arms in the air. What the hell are you thinking? Is she more important than everythingthan the entirely tribe? Than the people getting killed?She sight help, Jacob said quietly.Help the angry boy shouted. His arms begin to quiver. Oh, thats apparent Im sure the leech-lover is just dying to help us outDont talk about her similar that Jacob shouted back, stung by the boys criticism.A shudder flux through the other boy, along his shoulders and down his spine.capital of Minnesota Relax surface-to-air missile commanded.Paul shook his head back and forth, not in defiance, but as though he were tense uping to concentrate.Jeez, Paul, virtuoso of the other boysprobably Jaredmuttered. Get a grip.Paul twisted his head toward Jared, his lips curling back in irritation. Then he shifted his glare in my direction. Jacob took a step to put himself in front of me.That did it.Right, protect her Paul roared in outrage. Another shudder, a convulsion, heaved through his body. He threw his head back, a real let loose tearing from between his teeth.Paul Sam and Jacob shouted together.Paul seemed to fall forward, vibrating violently. Halfway to the ground, there was a loud ripping noise, and the boy exploded.Dark silver fur blew out from the boy, coalescing into a shape more than five-times his sizea massive, crouched shape, ready to spring.The adult female chasers muzzle wrinkled back over his teeth, and another growl rolled through his colossal chest. His dark, enraged eyes focused on me.In the same second, Jacob was running across the road straight for the monster.Jacob I screamed.Mid-stride, a long tremor shivered down Jacobs spine. He leaped forward, diving headfirst into the empty air.With another sharp tearing sound, Jacob exploded, too. He burst out of his skinshreds of black and tweed cloth blasted up into the air. It happened so quickly that if Id blinked, Id have missed the entire transformation. One second it was Jacob diving into the air, and then it was the gigantic, russet brown wolfso colossal that I couldnt make sense of its mass somehow fitting inside Jacobcharging the crouched silver beast.Jacob met the other loup-garous attack head-on. Their angry snarls echoed like thunder attain the trees.The black and white scrapsthe remains of Jacobs clothesfluttered to the ground where hed disappeared.Jacob I screamed again, staggering forward.Stay where you are, Bella, Sam ordered. It was hard to hear him over the roar of the fighting wolves. They were snapping and tearing at severally other, their sharp teeth flashing toward each others throats. The Jacob-wolf seemed to have the upper travel byhe w as visibly bigger than the other wolf, and it looked like le was stronger, too. He rammed his shoulder against the gray wolf again and again, knocking him back toward the trees.Take her to Emilys, Sam shouted toward the other boys, who were watching the conflict with rapt expressions. Jacob had successfully shoved the gray wolf off the road, and they were disappearing into the forest, though the sound of their snarls was still loud. Sam ran after them, kicking off his shoes on the way. As he darted into the trees, he was quivering from head to toe.The let loose and snapping was fading into the distance. Suddenly, the sound cut off and it was very quiet on the road.One of the boys started laughing.I turn to stare at himmy wide eyes felt up frozen, like I couldnt even blink them.The boy seemed to be laughing at my expression. Well, theres something you dont see every day, hesnickered. His face was vaguely familiarthinner than the others Embry Call.I do, the other boy, Jared, grumbl ed. Every single day.Aw, Paul doesnt lose his temper every day, Embry disagreed, still grinning. perhaps two out of triad.Jared stopped to pick something white up off the ground. He held it up toward Embry it dangled in limp strips from his hand.Totally shredded, Jared said. Billy said this was the last pair he could affordguess Jacobs going barefoot now.This one survived, Embry said, retention up a white sneaker. Jake can hop, he added with a laugh.Jared started collecting various pieces of fabric from the dirt. Get Sams shoes, will you? All the rest of this is headed for the trash.Embry grabbed the shoes and then jogged into the trees where Sam had disappeared. He was back in a few seconds with a pair of cut-off jeans draped over his arm. Jared gathered the torn remnants of Jacobs and Pauls clothes and wadded them into a ball. Suddenly, he seemed to think up me.He looked at me carefully, assessing.Hey, youre not going to faint or puke or anything? he demanded.I dont think so, I gasped.You dont look so legal. Maybe you should sit down.Okay, I mumbled. For the second time in one morning, I put my head between my knees.Jake should have warned us, Embry complained.He shouldnt have brought his girlfriend into this. What did he expect?Well, the wolfs out of the bag now. Embry sighed. Way to go, Jake.I raised my head to glare at the two boys who seemed to be taking this all so lightly. argonnt you upset(a) about them at all? I demanded.Embry blinked once in surprise Worried? Why?They could hurt each otherEmbry and Jared guffawed.I hope Paul gets a tattleful of him, Jared said. Teach him a lesson.I blanched.Yeah, compensate Embry disagreed. Did you see Jake? Even Sam couldnt have phased on the fly like that. He saying Paul losing it, and it took him, what, half a second to attack? The boys got a gift.Pauls been fighting longer. Ill bet you ten bucks he leaves a mark.Youre on. Jakes a natural. Paul doesnt have a prayer.They shook hands, grinning.I tried to c omfort myself with their lack of touch, but I couldnt drive the brutal image of the fighting werewolves from my head. My stomach churned, sore and empty, my head ached with worry.Lets go see Emily. You know shell have food waiting. Embry looked down at me. Mind giving us a ride?No problem, I choked.Jared raised one eyebrow. Maybe youd stop drive, Embry. She still looks like she might hurl.Good idea. Where are the keys? Embry asked me.Ignition.Embry opened the passenger-side door. In you go, he said cheerfully, hauling me up from the ground with one hand and stuffing me into my seat. He appraised the available space. Youll have to ride in the back, he told Jared.Thats fine. I got a weak stomach. I dont want to be in there when she blows.I bet shes tougher than that. She runs with vampires.Five bucks? Jared asked.Done. I feel guilty, taking your money like this.Embry got in and started the engine while Jared leapt agilely into the bed. As in short as his door was closed, Embry mutte red to me, Dont throw up, okay? Ive only got a ten, and if Paul got his teeth into JacobOkay, I whispered.Embry drove us back toward the village.Hey, how did Jake get some the mandate anyway?The what?Er, the order. You know, to not spill the beans. How did he tell you about this?Oh, that, I said, call up Jacob trying to choke out the truth to me last night. He didnt. I guessed right.Embry pursed his lips, looking surprised. Hmm. Spose that would work.Where are we going? I asked.Emilys house. Shes Sams girlfriend no, fiancee, now, I guess. Theyll meet us back there after Sam gives it to them for what just happened. And after Paul and Jake scrounge up some new clothes, if Paul even has any left(p).Does Emily know about ?Yeah. And hey, dont stare at her. That bugs Sam.I frowned at him. Why would I stare?Embry looked uncomfortable. Like you saw just now, hanging out around werewolves has its risks. He changed the subject quickly. Hey, are you okay about the whole thing with the dar k-haired bloodsucker in the meadow? It didnt look like he was a friend of yours, but. . Embry shrugged.No, he wasnt my friend.Thats good. We didnt want to start anything, break the treaty, you know.Oh, yeah, Jake told me about the treaty once, a long time ago. Why would killing Laurent break the treaty?Laurent, he repeated, snorting, like he was amused the vampire had had a name. Well, we were technically on Cullen turf. Were not allowed to attack any of them, the Cullens, at least, off our landunless they break the treaty first. We didnt know if the black-haired one was a relative of theirs or something. Looked like you knew him.How would they go about breaking the treaty?If they bite a human. Jake wasnt so keen on the idea of letting it go that far.Oh. Um, thanks. Im glad you didnt wait.Our pleasure. He sounded like he meant that in a literal sense.Embry drove past the easternmost house on the highway before turning off onto a narrow dirt road. Your hand transport is slow, he no ted. begrimed.At the end of the lane was a tiny house that had once been gray. There was only one narrow window beside the weathered savoury door, but the window box under it was filled with bright orange and yellow marigolds, giving the whole place a cheerful look.Embry opened the truck door and inhaled. Mmm, Emilys cooking.Jared jumped out of the back of the truck and headed for the door, but Embry stopped him with one hand on his chest. He looked at me meaningfully, and cleared his throat.I dont have my bag on me, Jared said.Thats okay. I wont forget.They climbed up the one step and entered the house without knocking. I followed timidly after them. The front room, like Billys house, was mostly kitchen. A young woman with satiny copper skin and long, straight, crow-black hair was standing at the counter by the sink, popping big muffins out of a tin and placing them on a paper plate. For one second, I thought the reason Embry had told me not to stare was because the girl was so b eautiful.And then she asked You guys ravenous? in a melodic voice, and she turned to face us full on, a smile on half of her face.The right side of her face was scarred from hairline to chin by three thick, red lines, livid in color thoughthey were long healed. One line pulled down the corner of her dark, almond-shaped right eye, another twisted the right side of her mouth into a permanent grimace.Thankful for Embrys warning, I quickly turned my eyes to the muffins in her hands. They smelled wonderfullike fresh blueberries.Oh, Emily said, surprised. Whos this?I looked up, trying to focus on the left half of her face.Bella Swan, Jared told her, shrugging. Apparently, Id been a topic of conversation before. Who else?Leave it to Jacob to find a way around, Emily murmured. She stared at me, and neither half of her once-beautiful face was friendly. So, youre the vampire girl.I stiffened. Yes. Are you the wolf girl?She laughed, as did Embry and Jared. The left half of her face warmed. I guess I am. She turned to Jared. Wheres Sam?Bella, er, surprised Paul this morning.Emily rolled her good eye. Ah, Paul, she sighed. Do you think theyll be long? I was just about to start the eggs.Dont worry, Embry told her. If theyre late, we wont let anything go to waste.Emily chuckled, and then opened the refrigerator. No doubt, she agreed. Bella, are you hungry? Go ahead and help yourself to a muffin.Thanks. I took one from the plate and started nibbling around the edges. It was delicious, and it felt good in my tender stomach. Embry picked up his third and shoved it into his mouth whole.Save some for your brothers, Emily chastised him, hitting him on the head with a wooden spoon. The word surprised me, but the others thought nothing of it.Pig, Jared commented.I leaned against the counter and watched the three of them banter like a family. Emilys kitchen was a friendly place, bright with white cupboards and pale wooden floorboards. On the little round table, a cracked blue-and-wh ite chinaware pitcher was overflowing with wildflowers. Embry and Jared seemed entirely at ease here.Emily was mixing a humongous batch of eggs, several dozen, in a big yellow bowl. She had the sleeves of her chromatic shirt pushed up, and I could see that the scars extended all the way down her arm to the back of her right hand. Hanging out with werewolves truly did have its risks, just as Embry had said.The front door opened, and Sam stepped through.Emily, he said, and so much love saturated his voice that I felt embarrassed, intrusive, as I watched him cross the room in one stride and put in her face in his wide hands. He leaned down and kissed the dark scars on her right cheek before he kissed her lips.Hey, none of that, Jared complained. Im eating.Then shut up and eat, Sam suggested, kissing Emilys ruined mouth again.Ugh, Embry groaned.This was worse than any romantic movie this was so real that it sang out loud with joy and life and true love. I put my muffin down and folde d my arms across my empty chest. I stared at the flowers, trying to ignore the utter peace of their moment, and the wretched throbbing of my wounds.I was grateful for the distraction when Jacob and Paul came through the door, and then shocked when I saw that they were laughing. While I watched, Paul punched Jacob on the shoulder and Jacob went for a kidney jab in return. They laughed again. They both appeared to be in one piece.Jacob scanned the room, his eyes stopping when he found me leaning, awkward and out of place, against the counter in the far corner of the kitchen.Hey, Bells, he greeted me cheerfully. He grabbed two muffins as he passed the table and came to stand beside me. Sorry about before, he muttered under his breath. How are you holding up.Dont worry, Im okay. Good muffins. I picked mine back up and started nibbhrg again. My chest felt better as shortly as Jacob was beside me.Oh, man Jared wailed, interrupting us.I looked up, and he and Embry were examining a fading pink line on Pauls forearm. Embry was grinning, exultant.Fifteen dollars, he crowed.Did you do that? I whispered to Jacob, remembering the bet.I barely touched him. Hell be perfect by sundown.By sundown? I looked at the line on Pauls arm. Odd, but it looked weeks old.Wolf thing, Jacob whispered.I nodded, trying to not look weirded out.You okay? I asked him under my breath.Not a scratch on me. His expression was smug.Hey, guys, Sam said in a loud voice, interrupting all the conversations going on in the small room. Emily was at the stove, scraping the egg mixture around a big skillet, but Sam still had one hand touching the small of her back, an unconscious gesture. Jacob has information for us.Paul looked unsurprised. Jacob must have explained this to him and Sam already. Or theyd just heard his thoughts.I know what the redhead wants. Jacob directed his words toward Jared and Embry. Thats what I was trying to tell you before. He kicked the leg of the chair Paul had settled into.And? Jared asked.Jacobs face got serious. She is trying to avenge her mateonly it wasnt the black-haired leech wekilled. The Cullens got her mate last year, and shes after Bella now.This wasnt news to me, but I still shivered.Jared, Embry, and Emily stared at me with open-mouthed surprise.Shes just a girl, Embry protested.I didnt say it make sense. But thats why the bloodsuckers been trying to get past us. Shes been heading for Forks.They continued to stare at me, mouths still hanging open, for a long moment. I ducked my head.Excellent, Jared in the end said, a smile beginning to pull up the corners of his mouth. Weve got bait.With stunning speed, Jacob yanked a can opener from the counter and launched it at Jareds head. Jareds hand flicked up faster than I would have thought possible, and he snagged the tool just before it hit his face.Bellais not bait.You know what I mean, Jared said, unabashed.So well be changing oar patterns, Sam said, ignoring their squabble. Well try leaving a f ew holes, and see if she falls for it. Well have to split up, and I dont like that. But if shes really after Bella, she probably wont try to take advantage of our divided numbers.Quits got to be close to joining us, Embry murmured. Then well be able to split evenly.Everyone looked down. I glanced at Jacobs face, and it was hopeless, like it had been yesterday afternoon, outside his house. No matter how comfortable they seemed to be with their fate, here in this happy kitchen, none of these werewolves wanted the same fate for their friend.Well, we wont count on that, Sam said in a low voice, and then continued at his regular volume. Paul, Jared, and Embry will take the outer perimeter, and Jacob and I will take the inner. Well collapse in when weve got her trapped.I noticed that Emily didnt particularly like that Sam would be in the smaller grouping. Her worry had me glancing up at Jacob, worrying, too.Sam caught my eye. Jacob thinks it would be best if you spent as much time as pos sible here in La Push. She wont know where to find you so easily, just in case.What about Charlie? I demanded. manifest Madness is still going, Jacob said. I think Billy and Harry can manage to keep Charlie down here when hes not at work.Wait, Sam said, holding one hand up. His glance flickered to Emily and then back to me. Thats what Jacob thinks is best, but you need to decide for yourself. You should weigh the risks of both options very seriously. You saw this morning how easily things can get dangerous here, how quickly they get out of hand. If you choose to stay with us, I cant make any guarantees about your safety.I wont hurt her, Jacob mumbled, looking down.Sam acted as if he hadnt heard him speak. If there was somewhere else you felt safeI bit my lip. Where could I go that wouldnt put someone else in danger? I recoiled again from the idea of bringing Renee into thispulling her into the circle of the target I wore I dont want to lead Victoria anywhere else, I whispered.Sam n odded. Thats true. Its better to have her here, where we can end this.I flinched. I didnt want Jacob or any of the rest of them trying to end Victoria. I glanced at Jakes face it was relaxed, almost the same as I remembered it from before the onset of the wolf thing, and utterly unconcerned by the idea of hunting vampires.Youll be careful, right? I asked, an perceptible lump in my throat.The boys burst into loud hoots of amusement. Everyone laughed at meexcept Emily. She met my eyes, and I could suddenly see the symmetry underlying her deformity. Her face was still beautiful, and alive with a concern even more fierce than mine. I had to look away, before the love behind that concern could start me aching again.Foods ready, she announced then, and the strategic conversation was history. The guys speed to surround the tablewhich looked tiny and in danger of being crushed by themand devoured the buffet-sized pan of eggs Emily placed in their midst in record time. Emily ate leaning ag ainst the counter like meavoiding the bedlam at the tableand watched them with affectionate eyes. Her expression clearly stated that this was her family.All in all, it wasnt exactly what Id been expecting from a pack of werewolves.I spent the day in La Push, the majority of it in Billys house. He left a message on Charlies phone and at the station, and Charlie showed up around dinnertime with two pizzas. It was good he brought two larges Jacob ate one all by himself.I saw Charlie eyeing the two of us suspiciously all night, especially the much-changed Jacob. He asked about the hair Jacob shrugged and told him it was just more convenient.I knew that as soon as Charlie and I were headed home, Jacob would take offoff to run around as a wolf, as he had done intermittently through the entire day. He and his brothers of sorts kept up a constant watch, looking for some sign of Victorias return. But since theyd chased her away from the hot springs last nightchased her halfway to Canada, acc ording to Jacobshed yet to make another foray.I had no hope at all that she might just give up. I didnt have that kind of luck.Jacob walked me to my truck after dinner and lingered by the window, waiting for Charlie to drive away first.Dont be triskaidekaphobic tonight, Jacob said, while Charlie pretended to be having trouble with his seat belt. Well be out there, watching.I wont worry about myself, I promised.Youre silly. Hunting vampires is fun. Its the best part of this whole mess.I shook my head. If Im silly, then youre dangerously unbalanced.He chuckled. Get some rest, Bella, honey. You look exhausted.Illtry.Charlie honked his horn impatiently.See you tomorrow, Jacob said. Come down first thing.Iwill.Charlie followed me home. I paying(a) scant attention to the lights in my rearview mirror. Instead, I wondered where Sam and Jared and Embry and Paul were, out running in the night. I wondered if Jacob had joined them yet.When we got home, I hurried for the stairs, but Charlie wa s right behind me.Whats going on, Bella? he demanded before I could escape. I thought Jacob was part of a gang and you two were fighting.We made up.And the gang?I dont knowwho can understand teenage boys? Theyre a mystery. But I met Sam Uley and his fiancee, Emily. The seemed pretty nice to me. I shrugged. Must have all been a misunderstanding.His face changed. I hadnt heard that he and Emily had made it official. Thats nice. Poor girl.Do you know what happened to her?Mauled by a bear, up north, during salmon spawning seasonhorrible accident It was more than a year ago now. I heard Sam was really messed up over it.Thats horrible, I echoed. More than a year ago. Id bet that meant it had happened when there was just one werewolf in La Push. I shuddered at the thought of how Sam must have felt every time he looked at Emilys face.That night, I direct awake for a long time trying to sort through the day. I worked my way backward through dinner with Billy, Jacob, and C harlie, to the lon g afternoon in the Blacks house, waiting anxiously to hear something from Jacob, to Emilys kitchen, to the horror of the werewolf fight, to talking with Jacob on the beach.I thought about what Jacob had said early this morning, about hypocrisy. I thought about that for a long time. I didnt like to think that I was a hypocrite, only what was the point of lying to myself?I curled into a tight ball. No, Edward wasnt a killer. Even in his darker past, hed never been a murderer of innocents, at least.But what if he had been? What if, during the time I that Id known him, hed been just like any other vampire? What if people had been disappearing from the woods, just like now? Would that have kept me away from him?I shook my head sadly. fill out is irrational, I reminded myself. The more you loved someone, the less sense anything made.I rolled over and tried to think of something elseand I thought of Jacob and his brothers, out running in the darkness. I fell asleep imagining the wolves, i nvisible in the night, guarding me from danger. When Idreamed, I stood in the forest again, but I didnt wander. I was holding Emilys scarred hand as we faced into the shadows and waited anxiously for our werewolves to come home.

Cultural and Educational Rights in India Essay

As India is a rustic of m each languages, faiths, and cultures, the Constitution provides special measures, in Articles 29 and 30, to protect the rights of the minorities. The Cultural and Educational Rights is one of the sise fundamental rights that have been granted to us in the Indian Constitution. This right allows every citizen of India to have a cultural and education up to where that person wants. This fundamental right is described in the constitution asAny section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or whatsoever part there of having a transparent language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same. No citizen shall be denied ingress into any educational institution maintained by the submit or receiving aid out of State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them. All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of the ir choice.In making any law providing for the compulsory acquisition of any property of any educational institution established and administered by a minority, referred to in clause (1), the State shall ensure that the amount fixed by or intractable under such law for the acquisition of such property is such as would not dress or abrogate the right guaranteed under that clause. The State shall not, in granting aid to educational institutions, discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language.

How Does Steinbeck Portray The Harsh Lives Of The Workers Of the Great Depresion Essay

I hope this essay will show you how the workers of the the Statesn Great depression of 1937 struggled to survive in the rough-cut environment that was their work place. Many people from the cities of the States had to give up their lives and start again in the country working on counterpanees shifting clavus and grain getting paid very little.Workers of the Great Depression had few possessions. Many lone(prenominal) had p completely rolls, wash kit, a small amount of tinned food and what little money they could earn. They had few possessions for dickens reasons one, because they couldnt afford many possessions and also because they found it easier because they are constantly on the move. This represents there harsh life because it illustrates that they have no were to call home. Many workers spent their money fast during the weekends by drinking, manoeuvre or in the Cat House.In the young men view the women as a thing you buy like drink so women didnt have proper rights. Simil arly Crooks the menacing cripple, has little or no rights. In Steinbecks book Curleys wife is not assumption a real name she is simply referred to as slut, whore, or simply Curleys wife. This potbelly implies that she is a position of her husband it implies a harsh and limited existence and how badly the poor women of 1930s America were treated in society.Prejudice plays a significant part in John Steinbecks figment Of Mice and Men and is seen with some characters like Crooks, Candy and Lennie. All have some kind of disability. Crooks is crippled because he was kick by a horse this is made worse by the fact that hes black so he is racially abused as well. The boss Gave the stable buck cavity when George and Lennie were late arriving at the ranch. He knew that Crooks couldnt complain because he has no rights. This shows how he is blamed for anything and cant defend him self this show the harsh life of his. Candy is crippled because he upset his hand to a machine, so he can do l ittle work and he is old. This sets him isolated form the others and they see him as the old outcast. Lennie is mentally handicapped, he has a childs thought so he isnt very clever and he likes soft things like mice and puppies.This gets him into trouble in the novel. Firstly he stroked a womans red dress, she got confused and screams he got scared and holds on to the dress and wont let go. This led him to being accused of raping her so Lennie and George had to run away. Secondly Curleys wife lets him stroke her hair because its soft, after a while she tries to pull away except he holds on and he ends up breaking her neck. For this Lennie has to run away. He is also really self-colored and this contributes to him getting in trouble because he doesnt know his own strength, he kills many mice because he pets them to hard and he kills a puppy as well as Curleys wife.Many, if not all the characters in Of Mice and Men are lonely because they move from ranch to ranch making new confe derates and leaving old ones behind. Candy has an old frump that is his only companion. He has had him since he was a pup and is practically attached to him. However some of the workers persuade him to shoot the old dog and by doing this he looses his only true friend.This contributes to the theme of harshness I believe that many of the workers were jealous of candy and his dog and envy him so they force him to put it down. This is also the same as George because he kills his only true friend and companion by shooting. Curleys wife is also lonely, being the only woman on the ranch and Curley forbids her from talking to the workers. She breaks this by talking to the workers in doorways which gives her the reputation of a slut.Many of the workers ambition the American dream of having their own land. George and Lennie have a dream that they will own little plot of land with rabbits and palm and if its miserable weather they will light a fire and sit around it not working, Guys lik e us.. an listen to the rain coming down on the roof. When Candys dog is shot he trys to muscle in on their dream. Many of them have dreams so that they can be distracted from the harsh lives of reality.In conclusion, the title of this book tells the reader about the novel in a few words. The title of this book is taken from an Irish poem by Alfred ruin The best laid plans of mice and men always go wrong. I believe that this is a ethical choice of title for the book because it shows how Steinbeck has used this to portray the harsh lives of the workers of the book and the dreams are what should happen in a fair world when it really all goes wrong.

Classroom Management Essay

Classroom instruction is unmatch up to(p) of the most serious functions of grievous instruction. It refers to the planning, directing, and controlling of classroom activities that can be carried on efficiently and economically. It is relatively confined to the more than mechanical aspects of pedagogy activities. Some of the things a teacher should consider in planning classroom management are consistency in the exercise of rules or standard set by the students themselves, regulations on sit d hold and attendance, the handling of instructional materials and equipment, and the control of activities during the class period. The success or failure of teaching is determined very much by the way the class is organized and managed. A well-managed class creates an aviation conducive to exchange an fundamental interaction and leave develop well-disciplined students who participate in class activities (Hibaya2003).Successful teaching and encyclopedism are bear upon by many factors . One of which is the classroom itself. Classroom is where all the participants are striked in teaching and learning interaction. It accepts that teaching and learning do take place anywhere and everywhere. It is verbalize that a good teacher should be able to teach in spite of unfavorable circumstance. However, teaching in an atmosphere conducive to learning is always an advantage. The proper setting can make up in the both(prenominal) former(a) areas that affect student learning.In the classroom culture there is a direct connection between respect and credibility. In other words, if a student respects the leader, he is more likely to give way attention to the teacher who teaches him. Teachers have to earn respect when they abdicate being in charge of their own classroom resulting in the loss of large part of the students belief in their credibility as a teacher. If the teacher loses credibility, the students will learn less from them sometimes substantially less.Teaching Math ematics is not an cushy task. The teacher should give more motivations to catch up the attention of the students in learning Mathematics. Among the five bring subjects namely 1) English 2) Filipino 3) Science 4) Mathematics and 5) Makabayan more of the students dislike Mathematics in the feel that it is very difficult subject. Cagbabanua (2002) opined that in order for one to compete globally, he should be an excellent boyfriend in math and science. However, provided few Filipinos are good in the two areas mentioned above specifically in the latter subject. According to Jaymalin (199712), students are not good in Algebra, Chemistry, measurements and proportionality. In fact, he disquieted that the Philippine readingal carcass is declining. He warned that something should be done, otherwise neighboring countries will overtake the Philippine nation. He mentioned that to improve the nations standing, the teachers should engage in serious classroom teaching.Proper mind of l earning outcomes should be given due consideration since this reminds teachers and students of what they lack in the teaching-learning process. Furthermore, parents should make a spectral follow-up of what their children are doing in school. From time to time they should hear feedback from teachers who are entrusted to take care of their children during daytime. It should be remembered that Mathematics learning is indeed important in this modern era.Mathematics education plays a merry role in the vitals of man. Every citizen should acquire competence and development of power qualitative envisageing and of the physical exercise of mathematics procedure in daily living. It is never-ending struggle to help the students to become literate, to acquire mathematical concepts and skills and to develop favorable attitudes toward mathematics.Time and again curriculum planners, policy makers and researchers have been exploring the extent through which numeracy among students develops an d improves via mathematical instruction. The tincture of mathematics education in the country is alarming as stipulated in research findings. However, some measures have been exhausted to address this disciplines status which are attributed to multi-faceted reasons and causes.William Betz as cited in Salazar (2001365) said that a citizen of the modern world cannot afford to be ignorant of mathematics because the world people live in is so highly mathematical. Hence, effective mathematics instruction has become an absolute necessity in all levels of education, particularly in the elementary level for it is here where initial mathematics foundation is determined and basic mathematical concepts are first substantial. Quality mathematics education in the higher levels would only be possible if the mathematical foundation in the elementary level is solid and strong.The issue on low quality mathematics education causes more implication as people strive to lease with the plethora of gl obalization, educational reforms, technological change and survival issues. Mathematics as one of the languages of survival should be an attendant tool to reengineer the nomenclature of the twenty-first century criterion. It is important for without it, the students would be wanting computational skills which are very necessary in the present(a) society. He is able to communicate with people who live nearly him and work with him thus mathematics contribute to effective citizenship. It always held a key in status the school curriculum because it has been considered a knowledge indispensable to the educated man.In recent years, the educational system is faced with many educational problems including an oversupply of unqualified teachers, substandard quality of instruction, high drop-out rate, poor quality output and lack of textbooks and reading material. Because of these problems, it cannot deliver efficient and effective teaching-learning process. Sutaria as cited in Vios (2000), pointed out that although one cannot discount the other school elements, the teacher stands out as the primary factor behind the damage of some schools. She added that, for sometimes, elementary education has been a poor step-sister in the Philippine education family. It has been referred to as education systems weakest link and its products have often been assailed as ineffective for the world of work. honest teaching therefore, is determined to a large extent by teachers. Obviously, teachers are a vital fragment of the school system in creating the excellent teaching-learning environment. Good teaching involves certain personal qualities of teachers. The identification of able teachers, the likelihood of attaining desirable teaching-learning outcomes is substantial. The teacher must manage his students so that teaching may take place. Potentials of the teacher become less important if he is unable to control his students in the classroom, hence half-size learning takes place. Many worthwhile mathematics tasks have been introduced to make learning effective. The idea of just verbalizing the rules and principles in mathematics and presenting examples and solutions on the chalkboard have undergone improvisation. Innovative approach pathes have been intertwined with the usual class presentation. Students can learn to think mathematically when teachers help them develop the conceptual and procedural understanding of the contents of mathematics.The researcher chooses this analyse in order to evaluate the selected approaches in classroom management employed by the secondary school teachers. by dint of this the researcher will probe deeper to identify the students performance in Mathematics.Theoretical/ Conceptual FrameworkThis study will anchor on several theories of learning. Ornstein (199058) provided some bases of this study. He enumerated several approaches to classroom management, namely 1) forceful approach, 2) business academic approach, 3) carriage al modification approach, 4) group managerial approach, 5) acceptance approach, and 6) success approach.The assertive approach to classroom management accepts teachers to specify rules of behavior and consequence for disobeying them and to communicate these rules and consequence. The classroom manages in such a way that students should always remember who is in charge of the classroom. Teachers hold students accountable for their actions. The idea is for the teachers to respond to students misdeed quickly and appropriately. If misbehavior is ignored at an early stage, it will eventually become uncontrolled, more students will become disruptive and it will affect their performance in Mathematics.The business academic approach was developed by Evertson (1989), emphasizes the organization and management of students as they engage in Mathematics work, lead to a edify set of procedures for students and teachers to follow.Behavioral modification roots in the work of Skinner (1984) as ci ted by Ornstein (199058) involve a variety of techniques and methods, ranging from simple rewards to elaborate reinforcement training. It assumes that behavior is shaped by environment and pays little attention to the causes of problems. Teachers using this approach spend little time on the personal history of students on searching for the reason for a particular problem. They strive to increase the occurrence or appropriate behavior through punishment.With regard to the group managerial approach to classroom management, Kawains (1987) as cited also by Ornstein (199058) emphasizes the importance of responding immediately to group student behavior that might be inappropriate or undeniable in order to prevent problems rather than having to deal with them after they emerge. He said that if student misbehaves but the teacher stops the misbehavior immediately, it remains an isolate incident and does not develop into a problem. If the misbehavior is not noticed, ignored, or allowed, cont inuing for too long, it often spreads throughout the group and become more serious and chronic.The present investigation will delve into the classroom management approaches of the teachers and the performance of the students in Mathematics. The independent variable of this study will include the teachers classroom management approaches namely assertive, business academic, group managerial, acceptance and success. On the other hand the dependent variable compromises the students performance in Mathematics.