Wavelength Conversion Four Wave Mixing in Silicon Waveguide

rove continuance mutation by Degene govern Four Wave Mixing in Silicon twine guide Abstract Four-wave mixing (FWM) is one of the elicit non additiveities in optic systems. It is mainly use for wave aloofness innovation. To investigate the factors that happen upon the wave continuance conversion strength, the ontogeny of Four-wave mixing (FWM) in silicon wave guide is modeled utilize matlab. The method of mould is describe. The effects of remark tenderness super force-out and wave guide distance on the conversion qualification be investigated.Results show that when propagating on a 0. 048m silicon wave guide, both the stimulus inwardness agent and chance event office belittles, while anti- guess fashion causality adds first and past decreases on the wave guide. It is also shown that for a 0. 048 silicon wave guide, return anti- virgule office is the maximum when the commentary warmheartedness billet is 3W. Also, when the stimulation handl e origin is kept age slight, there is a most effective wave guide distance for wavelength conversion. Key rallying crys -FWM model conversion efficiency insert tenderness author waveguide length 1 IntroductionFour-wave mixing (FWM) is an inter conversion phenomenon in optical systems, whereby interaction between three waves (two pump waves and a designate wave) produce a fourth wave ( behind wave) 1. This phenomenon john be used for completely optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) and entangled photon file name extension 2, 3. As extremely small union of si wires produce the non unidimensional optical effect even under mild optical business office, Silicon is used as waveguide in our project for concrete wavelength conversion by FWM process with long waveguide lengths and small multiplication damage4.Factors that affect optical wavelength conversion are cosmos studied to enhance the conversion efficiency. It has thusly become crucial to study FWM in silicon wav eguide theoretically to increase the conversion efficiency for further experiment. In our project, FWM matlab to study the factors that affect the conversion efficiency. This piece discusses the factors that affect FWMs conversion efficiency in silicon waveguide. Theoretical manipulation is presented in voice 2, where FWM in silicon waveguide is described. The method to model FWM in silicon waveguide using matlab is described in section 3.Results are shown in section 4. Results show that both the introduce pump force and the waveguide length play an most-valuable part in the FWMs conversion efficiency. 2 possibleness The FWM process involves the interaction of four waves (two affection waves, one intercommunicate and one idler wave) as they propagates along a medium. In our project, silicon waveguide is used as the medium. The schematic draw of FWM in silicon waveguide is shown in figure 1. Here, E represents the electric field of the respective waves and normalized such(p renominal) that proponent P=E2. Subscripts p, s and a represent pump, signal and idler respectively.The superscript f represents earlier propagating waves. pic soma 1 Schematic diagram of FWM in silicon waveguide . 3 METHODOLOGY The evolution of the three waves along the silicon waveguide can be modeled by the following derivative instrument comparisons 1. picpicpicpic where Aeff is the waveguide effective core area, ? is the wavelength, ? is the linear times loss and ? is the TPA coefficient, ? is the FCA cross section and ? eff is the effective carrier lifetime. h and c follow their usual material meaning of Planks constant and free-space speed of light respectively. k de nones the linear phase mismatch and can be expressed aspic. ? is the nonlinear parameter sham to be the same for three wavelengths and delineate as pic where n2 is the nonlinear refractive index. To presume the evolution of the three waves along the silicon waveguide, the high(prenominal)(prenominal) up four assortedial equation are solved simultaneously using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method 2. Parameters Input-Output simulation ranks ? degree centigrade/4. 34 m-1 Aeff 0. 17? 10(-12) m2 ? 0. 7? 10(-11) m/W ? p 1310? 10(-9) m ? eff 1? 10(-9) s c 2. 998? 10(8) h 6. 626? 10(-34) Js ? k 0 m/s ? p 1. 0297? 10-21m2 ? 2. 43 ? 10(-11) m/W 4 RESULTs and discussion . 1 Modelling of FWM in silicon waveguide Given Pp=1W, Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W and L=0. 048m, Pump power, cam box power and anti-stroke power are worn with respect to the position in the waveguide. picpicpicThe figures above show that when propagating in the waveguide, both the pump power and stroke power decrease while the anti-stoke power increases. This is as expected, as the interaction of the pump wave and stroke wave produce the anti-stroke wave. The increase of the anti-stroke power comes from the decrease of the pump and stroke power.It can be seen that, at the end of the waveguide, the pump power is only 0. 26W and the stoke power is only 0. 026W. Both of them decrease 74% of their original power. Both the pump power and stroke power decrease fast(a) at the beginning, and then their decrease rate becomes slow-moving when propagating further in the waveguide. This implies that the higher the pump power and the stroke power, the higher the propagation loss. As a result, the anti-stroke power increases fast at the beginning and then its increasing rate slows down. At the length of 0. 42m, the power of the anti-stroke reaches its maximum value which is close 3. 2*10-5W. Then the anti-stroke power starts to decrease slowly. This may be because when the pump and stroke power is small, the gain of the anti-stroke power is less than its propagation loss. 4. 2 effect of stimulant drug pump power on conversion efficiency Given Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W and L=0. 048m, Pp changes from 0 to 10W with look 0. 2W. The representical record of the output stroke power and the output anti-stroke power a re gaunt with respect to the input pump power. pic forecast 2. 1 Output stroke power with different input pump powerThis graph shows that the large the input pump power, the small the output stroke power. This is as expected, as the large the input pump power, the larger the propagation loss. The output stroke decreases slower when the input pump power is higher. pic Figure 2. 2 Output anti-stroke power with different input pump power This graph shows that when the input pump power is less than3W, the higher the input pump power, the higher the output anti-stroke power. This is as expected, as much input power can be converted to anti-stroke power when the input pump power is larger.When the input pump power is larger than3W, the output anti-stoke power decreases with the input pump power. As the higher the input pump power, the higher the propagation loss. When the input pump power is larger than3W, the propagation loss dominates. 4. 3 Effects of waveguide length on conversio n efficiency To investigate the relationship between the waveguide length and the conversion efficiency, input power are keep constant, Pp=1W, Ps=0. 001W, Pa=0W, L changes from 0. 001m to 0. 1m with step 0. 001m. Output stroke power and output anti-stroke power are drawn with respect to different waveguide length. pic Figure 3. 1 Output stroke power with different waveguide length This graph shows that the longer the waveguide length, the smaller the output stroke power. This is as expected, as the longer the waveguide length, the larger the propagation loss. The decreasing rate of the output stroke power decreases with the waveguide length. pic Figure 3. 2 Output anti-stroke power with different waveguide length This graph shows that when the waveguide length is less than 0. 048m, the output anti-stroke power increases with the waveguide length.This implies that the gain is larger than the propagation loss in the waveguide. When the waveguide length is larger than 0. 48m, the outpu t anti-stoke power decreases with the waveguide length. At waveguide length larger than 0. 048m, the propagation loss is larger than the gain of the anti-stroke power. The output anti-stroke power has a maximum value of 4. 5*103 when the waveguide is 0. 048m. Thus, the most effective waveguide length is 0. 048m. 5 Conclusion The conclusion serves the important function of drawing together the miscellaneous sections of the written report.The conclusion is a summary, and the developments of the preceding sections or chapters should be succinctly restated, important findings discussed and conclusions drawn from the whole study. In addition, you may list questions that befool appeared in the row of the study that require additional research, beyond the limits of the project being reported. Where appropriate, recommendations for future work may be included. The conclusion should, however, set off the reader with an impression of completeness and of gain. AcknowledgmentThe author wou ld equal to express her deepest gratitude to A/P Luan Feng and PhD disciple Huang Ying for their guidance, assistance and advices. The author also wishes to get laid the funding support for this project from Nanyang proficient University under the Undergraduate Research fetch on Campus (URECA) programme. References The template will sum up sources consecutively within brackets 1. The blame punctuation mark follows the bracket 2. Refer simply to the character number, as in 3do not use Ref. 3 or reference 3 chuck out at the beginning of a sentence Reference 3 was the first Number comments one by one in superscripts. Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was cited. Do not put footnotes in the reference list. Use letters for elude footnotes. Unless there are six authors or more give all authors names do not use et al. papers that have not been published, even if they have been submitted for publication, should be cited as unpublished 4. cover that have been accepted for publication should be cited as in press 5. capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for meet nouns and element symbols.For papers published in translation journals, please give the position citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation 6. 1 G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551, April 1955. (references) 2 J. shop assistant Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, tertiary ed. , vol. 2. Oxford Clarendon, 1892, pp. 68-73. 3 I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, Fine particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy, in Magnetism, vol.III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York Academic, 1963, pp. 271-350. 4 K. Elissa, agnomen of paper if known, unpublished. 5 R. Nicole, Title of paper with only first word capitalized, J. Name Stand. Abbrev. , in press. 6 Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka , and Y. Tagawa, Electron spectrographic analysis studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface, IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, imposing 1987 Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982. 7 M. Young, The Technical authors Handbook. Mill Valley, CA University Science, 1989.