Essay --

Biology education FlowThe central dogma of biology is the information flow in cells from DNA to ribonucleic acid to Proteins. Francis Crick was the first to describe it as the temper of information flow. The information passes in one use upion from the DNA to an ribonucleic acid copy of the gene, and so that copy, directs the sequential assembly of amino group acid gyves that become protein. The DNA-to-ribonucleic acid timber is called transcription because an exact copy of DNA is produced. RNA-to-protein step is termed translation because it requires translation from the nucleic acid to protein. Transcription is the DNAs direct price reduction of RNA by RNA polymerase. Since DNA is double abandon and RNA is single stranded, the principal of complementarity is utilize and only one of the both DNA strands needs to be copied. The copied strand is called the template strand and is complementary color to the RNA transcription sequence. The one strand of the DNA that is not use d is called the coding strand. RNA uses messenger RNA which is a direct synthesis of polypeptides. It carries DNA messages to the ribosomes for processing. Translation is more complex than transcription. Since the RNA has no complementarity it cannot be used as a direct template for a protein. The adapter molecule transfer RNA is used to interact with both RNA and amino acids. Translation occurs inside the ribosome and it requires participation from multiple kinds of RNA and proteins.Viruses called retroviruses were discovered during the formulation of the central dogma. This retrovirus comes from the environment and into the cell and back out by dint of normal central dogma. The retro virus comes from the environment. First the viral enzyme sneak transcriptase takes the viral RNA genome and uses host nucleotides to co... ...lowing it to respond quickly to changes in their external environment by changing patterns quickly. Almost all the changes ar reversible allowing the cel l to adjust its enzyme levels in response to the environment changes. The negative bacterium has pores on the outer membrane called porin. They are not like membrane transport, porins are large enough to allow passive diffusion. This is how the prolin amino acids outside of the cell in the environment could have entered. So in one case the abundance of proline is present in the gram-negative bacterium, it should bind to the repressor and then alter its confirmation so it now binds to DNA. The proline-repressor complex binds tightly to the operator, preventing RNA polymerase from initiating transcription. Work CitedRaven, Johnson, Mason, Losos, and Singer. Biology. 10th ed. N.p. Mcgraw Hill Education, n.d. Print.